NO emission characteristics in counterflow diffusion flame of blended fuel of H2/CO2/Ar

Flame structure and NO emission characteristics in counterflow diffusion flame of blended fuel of H₂/CO₂/Ar have been numerically simulated with detailed chemistry. The combination of H₂, CO₂ and Ar as fuel is selected to clearly display the contribution of hydrocarbon products to flame structure and NO emission characteristics due to the breakdown of CO₂. A radiative heat loss term is involved to correctly describe the flame dynamics especially at low strain rates. The detailed chemistry adopts the reaction mechanism of GRI 2.11, which consists of 49 species and 279 elementary reactions. All mechanisms including thermal, NO₂, N₂O and Fenimore are taken into account to separately evaluate the effects of CO₂ addition on NO emission characteristics. The increase of added CO₂ quantity causes flame temperature to fall since at high strain rates a diluent effect is prevailing and at low strain rates the breakdown of CO₂ produces relatively populous hydrocarbon products and thus the existence of hydrocarbon products inhibits chain branching. It is also found that the contribution of NO production by N₂O and NO₂ mechanisms are negligible and that thermal mechanism is concentrated on only the reaction zone. As strain rate and CO₂ quantity increase, NO production is remarkably augmented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

寻找非构造油气藏的新思路

目前,一种新的理论体系和研究方法已经形成,并正在发展和逐步完善。那就是层序地层学和油气成藏系统理论的诞生和发展;以及由计算机的快速发展带动起来的地震测井资料的采集、处理、显示和各种地质问题的计算机模拟技术,使得地质学和石油地质学都在朝着从定性到定量,从推测到更科学的预测方向发展。在今后的5～10年中,中国的石油地质家们不仅要注意方法和技术方面的进步,还应当重视在陆相层序地层学和陆相层序中油气成藏机制等基本理论方面的研究。     

浆砌石衬砌在渠道防渗中的应用及对策

总结了浆砌石应用的历史,介绍了浆砌石的结构特性和施工工艺,从造价方面、防渗效果及施工三方面分析了浆砌石衬砌主要存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决对策,指出浆砌石衬砌在渠道防渗应用中应控制施工质量,从而更好地提高防渗效果。     

江苏复杂断块高含水单元改善水驱效果的技术对策

在分析高含水开发单元特点的基础上,针对该阶段剩余油的品位、分布和油水关系极为复杂、挖潜难度大的技术难点,提出了适合江苏复杂断块油田高含水开发单元改善水驱开发效果的思路和工作程序、技术对策,并在真武油田高含水开发单元进行了实际应用,取得了良好的效果.     

Surface tension as a limiting factor for aerobic n-alkane biodegradation

A new mathematical model for n-alkane biodegradation in crude oil, heavy oil and paraffinic mixtures is described. The pattern of n-alkane degradation as a function of the inverse of hydrocarbon chain length reported in this paper can be considered as general behaviour for many aerobic n-alkane biodegradation processes. A new interpretation of n-alkane biodegradation as a function of surface tension, is given. A mathematical expression was obtained starting from the degradation values of n-alkane and relative surface tension, which is a parameter independent of fermentation conditions. An interesting parameter, b, was identified which represented the accelerating conversion factor for n-alkane biodegradation. The findings suggested that the n-alkane biodegradation. The findings suggested that he n-alkane biodegradation rate may be affected by the fermentation condition (agitation, aeration, etc.) and by the strain of microorganism, while the behaviour pattern of n-alkane degradation was essentially linked to the substrate characteristics (molecular structure, molecular weight and density).     

THE ISOTHERMAL COMPRESSIBILITY OF GAS-SATURATED HYDROCARBON LIQUIDS

Volumetric measurements were made on compressed solutions of carbon dioxide in n-decane and trans-decalin at 37.78°C at pressures up to 60 bar. The data were numerically analyzed to yield the isothermal compressibility function of the solutions at their saturation pressures.     

阿海水电站围堰防渗墙缺陷修补施工

阿海水电站截流采用了大量的块石和钢筋石笼,在后续上游防渗墙施工过程中,因成槽部位地层结构复杂导致卡钻且处理困难,围堰无法闭气。经研究,采用了高压旋喷灌桨技术进行了缺陷部位的防渗处理。介绍了在特珠地层条件下,高喷施工参数的选择,以及浆液的调整与组合,并对关键技术处理措施及质量控制方法进行了阐述。施工完成后,防渗墙已经过两个汛期的运行,证明防渗效果满足工程需要,为同类基础的施工积累了经验。     

EM>N/EM>，EM>N-/EM>二乙基

研究了N,N-二乙基羟胺(DEHA)水溶液辐解产生的气态烃。当DEHA浓度为0.1~0.5 mol/L,剂量为10~1 000 kGy时,甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和正丁烷的体积分数随剂量的增加而增加,但随DEHA浓度的增加而减少。乙烯和丙烯的体积分数随DEHA浓度的增加而增大,它们与剂量的关系与DEHA浓度有关。     

预制混凝土U型槽在寒区渠道防渗中的应用

阐述了混凝土U型槽的防渗特点和在施工中应注意的问题。     

电解极化渗流传感器极化特性研究

针对岩土体渗流原位监测的需求,介绍了一种利用电解极化进行示踪测量的传感器基本原理和制作方法.提出了传感器极化性能测试方法,通过实验研究了传感器的极化特性及其对示踪源的影响,优化了电解电压和电解时间.结果表明:在极化达到稳态前,示踪源的强度随电解电压和电解时间的增加而增加,示踪源的位置随电解时间的增加而变化;在极化达到稳态后,示踪源的强度达到最大,且强度和位置均不随电解电压和电解时间的变化而变化,最佳的电解电压为9V,电解时间为4s.