Poly-functional Catalyst Development for Benzene Production from Alkyl-aromatic Mixture via Hydrodealkylation

Development of a poly-functional catalyst that has higher hydrodealkylation activity based on 15% Cr/γ- Al₂ O₃ was researched for benzene production from an alkyl-aromatic mixture via hydrodealkylation. For this goal, the effects of the promoters like Fe, Co, or Ni and their concentrations on the activity of a Cr/Al₂ O₃ catalyst were investigated. Toluene + n-heptane + tetrahydrotiophene (89:10:1 w%) model mixture, which has the same content as industrial aromatics, was used as feedstock. The activities of catalysis in reactions of hydrodealkylation, hydrocracking, and hydrogenolize with respect to conversions of toluene, heptane, and tetrahydrotiophene were tested, respectively. As to the obtained results, the catalyst including 5% Fe has a higher hydrodealkylation activity, compared to the catalyst including Co, and especially to the alumocrom catalyst not including a promoter, while it has a lower coke formation and reduced activity to the catalyst including Ni.     

悬浮床加氢裂化油溶性催化剂与沥青质的作用

在高压釜反应器中对添加了油溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-O)和水溶性 Ni 催化剂(UPC-W)的辽河稠油常压渣油(LHAR)进行了悬浮床加氢裂化实验。通过元素分析和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析对抑制反应生焦效果好的 UPC-O 与 LHAR 沥青质的作用进行了研究。元素分析结果显示,在 LHAR 中加入 UPC-O1000μg/g,沥青质和脱沥青质油中 Ni 含量分别出476μg/g和110μg/g 增加到7 559μg/g 和1 024μg/g,表明 UPC-O 在沥青质中有富集的趋势。FTIR 表征结果显示,UPC-O 和沥青质发生了相互作用。UPC-O 可在沥青质原位硫化为活性组分,对沥青质在悬浮床加氢裂化反应中的缩合起到好的抑制作用。     

The effect of aromatics on paraffin mild hydrocracking reactions (WNiPd/CeY–Al2O3)

The conversion of heavy paraffin and aromatics into a high-quality diesel fraction was performed in a microplant using a WNiPd/CeY-alumina catalyst. The effects of aromatics and naphtheno-aromatics on mild hydrocracking of hexadecane were studied at different concentrations. Two catalysts, with and without Pd and thermal treatment, were characterized by FTIR, XPS, and TPD of ammonia and ammonia plus naphthalene to complement previous study about the surface composition. The hydrocracking activity and selectivity were tested using different amounts and types of aromatics. This study demonstrated the presence of two acid strengths that contribute in different ways to paraffin and aromatics isomerization, ring opening, and cracking reactions. The product distribution obtained by mild hydrocracking of n-C₁₆ is between amorphous (SiO₂Al₂O₃) and Y-zeolite type of support. The aromatic adsorption on acid sites reduces the cracking rate and improves the survival of di- and tri-branched paraffin. A model for the path of reaction is discussed to explain the results.     

Correlation of reactivity with chemical structure: Thermal hydrogenation of gas oils

The relationship between chemical structure and reactivity for thermal hydroprocessing was studied for five gas oils derived from Alberta bitumens. Chemical structure was characterized by combining data from ¹ H and ¹³ C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, class fractionation, and elemental analysis to calculate structural parameters. Thermal hydrotreating was performed in a continuous-flow stirred reactor at 420 and 440°C, 13.9 MPa hydrogen pressure, and 1.5 h¹ LHSV. Conversion of the 343–525°C boiling fraction of the gas oils was correlated with the concentration of naphthenic methylene groups in the feed. Formation of methane and ethane was dependent on the degree of condensation of the aromatic rings in the feed oils. Thermal desulfurization was highly correlated with the amount of saturates in the feed, and the aromaticity of the resin fraction. Hydrogen consumption increased with the aromaticity of the gas oil…     

多变量预测控制软件在加氢分馏装置控制中的应用

针对加氢分馏装置分馏塔工艺特点,重点分析加氢分馏塔所面临的控制问题,采用多变量预测控制软件APC—Adcon,通过实验测试、模型辨识、控制器和切换逻辑设计等工作实现该工业分馏塔系的多变量预测控制,显著提高两塔运行参数的平稳性,有效降低操作人员的操作难度。实际应用的结果表明该多变量预测控制系统可有效地克服干扰、确保工艺参数的平稳运行。通过该系统的应用使在相同的负荷下,燃料气减少5％,显著提高分馏塔的分离能力,组分切割更为合理,航空煤油收率提高0.4％,取得了显著的经济效益。     

沸腾床加氢-焦化组合工艺制备低硫石油焦

对沸腾床加氢-焦化组合工艺制备高品质石油焦的工艺路线进行研究,探究沸腾床未转化油(UCO)的焦化规律.结果表明:渣油沸腾床加氢反应过程中,提高温度或降低空速有利于渣油转化率和杂质脱除率提高;同样的操作区间内,渣油转化率的变化明显大于杂质脱除率;随着渣油转化率增加,UCO硫含量先降低再升高.UCO焦化过程中原料中60％左...     

平行堆栈式自编码器及其在过程建模中的应用

在面对流程工业存在的多参数、强非线性和富含复杂机理等问题时浅层算法的学习能力有限,故将深度学习理论引入过程工业预测建模中。而针对单个深层网络对多样性数据的特征挖掘困难,本文提出一种改进的堆栈式自编码器。该方法首先通过聚类算法对输入数据属性进行聚类,按结果将数据分类后输入并行的稀疏自编码器中进行特征的模块式提取,并行输出经整合后输入至叠加的深度网络中,联合这些特征再进行逐层学习得到拟合结果。为减轻过拟合带来的预测误差,将"dropout"方法引入网络训练中。在加氢裂化的预测建模研究中,所提出的算法具有比其他方法更好的预测水平和泛化能力。     

加氢尾油生产基础油和石蜡工艺研究

摘要：对加氢尾油通过酮苯脱蜡、溶剂精制、石蜡发汗以及白土精制生产润滑油基础油和石蜡进行研究及工业试生产。试验结果表明,（1）纯加氢尾油能够生产粘温性能及氧化安定性能优异的HVI Ib基础油和专用蜡产品。（2）加氢尾油与减压馏分油掺炼可以生产HVI Ib基础油和半精炼石蜡产品。（3）加氢尾油酮苯脱蜡过滤速度慢,可采用脱蜡助剂提高;加氢尾油基础油蒸发损失较高,可通过蒸馏切割解决。     

固体酸催化剂催化葛亭煤的加氢裂解

采用TMSOTf、SbCl5和活性炭制备固体酸催化剂。以环己烷为溶剂,对葛亭煤进行非催化和催化加氢裂解,用石油醚对反应混合物进行溶剂萃取,分别得到萃取物E1和E2,并对两种萃取物进行GC/MS分析。在E1和E2中共检测出200种化合物,可以分为以下8类：芳烃、烷烃、烯烃、酚、酯、酮、其他含氧化合物以及含氮化合物,其中芳烃含量最高;E2中8类产物的含量均高于E1中对应产物的含量,其中芳烃含量差别最大;与E1相比,E2中萘、菲和芘及其同系物的含量均有所提高,在E2中还检测出了角鲨烯和几种茚酚。结果表明,所制固体酸催化剂可促进葛亭煤中Car—Calk和Car—O的断裂。     

水蒸气处理对渣油加氢催化剂性质的影响

研究了水蒸气处理对渣油加氢催化剂载体性质的影响。结果表明处理时间、空速及焙烧温度对催化剂载体的孔结构和表面酸度均有显著影响;与在空气中焙烧相比,在有水蒸气存在的条件下焙烧,载体的相对酸度由1.000下降为0.491~0.884,相对比表面积由100下降为66~79,相对孔容由1.00上升为1.13~1.22,相对孔径由1.0上升为1.3~1.9。