丁烯法合成醋酸仲丁酯催化剂及生产工艺探讨

筛选适合丁烯法合成醋酸仲丁酯反应的树脂催化剂,确定适合醋酸仲丁酯反应的工艺条件,介绍工业装置中不同工艺的差别和A、B、C三套工业装置的实际运行情况,指出醋酸仲丁酯行业的发展方向。结果表明,采用丹东明珠特种树脂有限公司生产的大孔磺酸型树脂A为催化剂,较佳的工艺条件为:空速1.0 h~(-1),压力1.5 MPa,酸烯物质的量比2∶1~3∶1,反应温度(70~90)℃。工业装置运行数据表明,在反应器数量相同、催化剂装填量和丁烯组成基本相似情况下,使用两种不同树脂催化剂,反应初期的反应温度降低,丁烯总转化率提高。使用两种不同树脂催化剂有利于降低装置能耗和提高单位产品产量。     

Y型分子筛复合材料的成孔机理

以偏高岭土和水玻璃为原料,采用水热法原位晶化合成Y型分子筛复合材料。通过X射线衍射、氮气吸附、压汞法和扫描电镜分析了原料和合成样品的物相、孔径分布、孔体积和形貌。结果表明:合成的样品是由微孔、介孔和大孔共同构建的Y型分子筛多孔复合材料,生成的介孔和大孔与原料中的孔有明显区别。在此基础上,提出了Y型分子筛固相成核、交互生长成孔机理。     

Macro-pore Volume Mesoporous Alumina: A Promising Support for Mo-Ni-P Catalyst in Hydrodesulfurization

Macro-pore volume mesoporous alumina (MMA) synthesized by secondary nano-assembly method was applied as support for Mo-Ni-P catalyst. The samples were characterized by mercury intrusion method, XRD, TEM, and SEM. They displayed simultaneously enough active sites and particular larger pores structure. By taking advantage of these properties, Mo-Ni-P MMA catalyst bearing high active species dispersion, good reducibility, and enhanced diffusibility compared with a commercial catalyst. It is prospected that the obtained MMA had a good potential as support for HDS catalysts.     

A study on structural suitability of immobilized aluminum chloride catalyst for isobutene polymerization

Catalytic performance and structural suitability of immobilized AlCl₃ catalyst for isobutene polymerization have been studied. It was found that the activity, selectivity and number-average molecular weight of the product polyisobutene depend, to a certain extent, on the pore structure and the granulation of the catalyst. AlCl₃ on γ-Al₂O₃ support having macro- and meso-pore bimodal structure show excellent catalytic activity and high stability, while those on γ-Al₂O₃ with micro (d 15.6 Å) and meso-pore (d 28.6 Å) structure exhibit low stability and rapid fall of conversion with time. Granulation of the catalyst is also an important factor which affects activity and selectivity of the catalyst and average molecular weight of the product. Increasing granulation of the catalyst (particles become finer) brings about an increase in isobutene conversion, but a decrease in selectivity, resulting in lower average molecular weight and broader distribution.     

氯化钙在粗孔硅胶上的单层分散及其氨吸附研究

利用浸渍法将氯化钙担载于粗孔硅胶上,通过焙烧法和微波强化法使之分散于硅胶表面,研究了样品的单层分散情况,氨吸附量以及焙烧温度对结构的影响,用比表面和红外光谱辅助分析。同时比较了两种分散方法及CaCl2/SiO2和CaCl2/10X两个体系的优劣。CaCl2/SiO2体系用微波处理后分散度高,氨吸附量大,0.5g/g样品的氨吸附量达到了0.6234g/g吸附剂。     

进口5A脱蜡分子筛的性能研究与评价

对两种进口５Ａ脱蜡分子筛吸附剂的理化性能、大孔分布及吸性能进行了简单的测评。通过两种吸附剂性能的比较,发现减小吸附剂晶粒大小,增加大孔分布,可提高吸附剂的吸附性能。     

Determination of yarn and fiber diameters after swelling using a capillary rise method

Capillary kinetics of textile knitted fabrics are investigated considering the effect of transverse swelling in fiber and yarn scales. A mathematical model was developed based on the industrial construction parameters, the capillary mechanism and the swelling ratio on both porosity scales: macro and micro. The capillary kinetics are used to determine the yarn and fiber diameters after swelling and compared to those determined using a microscopic method. In order to validate our model, a series of experiments was conducted on jersey knitted fabric using raw materials with different swelling ratios: cotton and PET. The results showed good agreement between the two methods of diameter determinations.     

中大孔催化裂化催化剂研究进展

发展中大孔型催化剂是催化裂化催化剂的主要发展方向之一,催化裂化催化剂中引入中大孔的主要方法有高岭土酸碱改性法、引入大孔硅铝基材料法、引入介孔分子筛法、原位晶化法和模板法。酸碱改性高岭土的孔结构受原料影响较大,孔径一般小于10 nm;制备大孔硅铝基材料替代拟薄水铝石可有效改善催化剂的孔结构,但应关注对催化剂强度的影响;分子筛中引入介孔又包括水热处理法,酸、碱处理法和引入不稳定位点法,工业应用范围广,但处理过程中易造成Y型分子筛结晶度下降,并缺乏连续、贯通型孔道;原位晶化法是工业上较成功的中大孔催化剂制备方法,但能耗相对高,流程长;模板法可通过改变模板类型、含量对催化剂孔结构调变,但应关注环保及催化剂强度问题。