用视频显微镜测试棉纤维成熟度

对比分析了用视频显微镜、普通生物显微镜测试棉纤维成熟度的方法和特点。试验表明，视频显微镜法比普通生物显微镜法较为方便和快捷，精确度高，适合棉纤维成熟度测试与分析。     

烧结法氧化铝生产过程中镓的行为研究

产品氧化铝中的镓含量与原矿中的镓含量、生产方法及分解过程中的作业条件有关。本文对烧结法氧化铝生产过程中镓的分布进行了普查测定,并着重对熟料溶出过程、碳分分解过程中镓的行为进行了研究。     

Innovation at the end of the life cycle: discontinuous innovation strategies by incumbents

This paper focuses on the strategies of incumbents that seek to develop discontinuous innovations within the boundaries of a mature innovation system. Mature innovation systems do not provide support for these discontinuous innovations. This article focuses on exploring why incumbents in these setting engage in discontinuous innovation and what strategies they deploy to become successful. We analyse 10 cases of incumbents developing discontinuous innovations in the mature Dutch greenhouse horticulture sector. The results of our analysis show that the incumbents are primarily triggered by dissatisfaction with the current way of doing business and that the existing institutions are the main barrier to discontinuous innovation. In response, the incumbents try to circumvent the existing innovation system in their innovation process, but when successful also engage in changing the existing innovation system. This paper contributes to the understanding of the role of incumbents as source of discontinuous innovation in mature innovation systems.     

Assisted history matching in the presence of frequent well intervention using generalize travel time inversion

In this paper we propose an efficient and novel technique that handles production discontinuities through a resampling of the production data, eliminating high frequency production details in a transformed domain. The technique also reduces non-monotonic behavior and results in a response more suitable for the GTTI based misfit calculations. Our proposed approach has been applied to an offshore turbidite reservoir with extensive well intervention resulting in highly detailed production responses. The static model contains more than three-hundred-thousand cells, complex sand depositional distribution combined with fault structures, four pairs of injector-producers, deviated producing wells and more than 8 years of production history. Previous history matching attempts using traditional approaches had difficulties matching production response at the individual well level. With our proposed modifications to the GTTI approach, a significant improvement was obtained on the well level match quality. Most importantly, by visualizing the streamlines and the dynamic adjustment of flow paths during history matching, we could easily identify the areas of inconsistency between the geologic model and the production data. The calibrated geologic model and streamline trajectories provided important insight about communication within sand channels, differences in flow paths and barriers that have not been included in the previous geologic and seismic interpretation.     

深层—超深层古老烃源岩滞留烃及其裂解气资源评价

我国高-过成熟海相天然气主要成因类型为原油裂解气,滞留烃是原油裂解气的重要来源,对其进行定量研究意义重大。为此,结合正演(实验模拟)和反演(地质剖面解剖)两种方法,求取了我国重点盆地不同类型、不同丰度、不同演化阶段的滞留烃量,建立了5种类型烃源岩(腐泥型、偏腐泥混合型、偏腐殖混合型、腐殖型、煤型)的滞留烃演化模型。结果表明:腐泥型、偏腐泥混合型优质烃源岩在低成熟阶段的排烃效率低于20%,在主生油阶段的排烃效率介于20%~50%,在高成熟阶段的排烃效率介于50%~80%,而相应阶段偏腐殖混合型和腐殖型烃源岩的排烃效率则要低约10%。基于该演化模型,初步计算了四川盆地海相烃源岩中高成熟阶段-现今滞留烃资源分布和裂解排气量:该盆地下寒武统筇竹寺组滞留烃在高演化阶段裂解排出的气态烃总量达230.4×10~(12)m~3,震旦系陡山沱组烃源岩滞留烃裂解气的排出量为12.3×10~(12)m~3,均显示出很好的天然气成藏潜力;进而指出,四川盆地筇竹寺组烃源岩滞留烃裂解气的有利区主要包括高石梯-磨溪、资阳、威远地区,有利分布面积达4.3×10~4 km~2。     

渤海莱州湾凹陷中部古近系沙三段烃源岩地球化学特征及沉积环境

通过对渤海海域莱州湾凹陷中部古近系沙三段烃源岩样品的热解、TOC、饱和烃GC/MS分析以及主、微量元素分析,研究了其烃源岩的地球化学特征及沉积环境。研究结果表明：(1)莱州湾凹陷中部古近系沙三段烃源岩有机质丰度差异较大,总体为好—优质烃源岩,有机质类型以Ⅰ—Ⅱ型为主,整体处于低熟—成熟阶段;(2)通过Pr/nC₁₇-Ph/nC₁₈图版、C₂₄四环萜烷/C₂₆三环萜烷(C₂₄TeT/C₂₆TT)、C₂₇/C₂₉规则甾烷、奥利烷指数等参数判断沙三段烃源岩有机质来源为低等水生生物和高等植物的混源输入;(3)综合CIA,Sr/Ba,Pr/Ph,V/(V+Ni),U/Th值和伽马蜡烷指数等分析了烃源岩形成时期的古环境,认为沙三段沉积时期气候温暖湿润,降水丰富,水体为淡水—微咸水,陆源输入较多,具有较高的初始生产力,沉积时期整体表现为贫氧的弱氧化弱还原环境,沙三下段—沙三上段沉积环境整体变化不大,古气候和古水体盐度基本保持不...     

Water soluble polymeric nanofibres for rapid flocculation and enhanced dewatering of mature fine tailings

Water-soluble polymer flocculants have been used to efficiently release entrapped water in oil sands tailings by bridging fine particles to create large heavier flocs which can then settle faster and release water more efficiently. Due to their initial interaction with the fine particles suspended in tailings, polymer nanofibres may perform better than their parent polymers because of the entire surface of the nanofibres being fully accessible to the fine particles. In this work, commercially available poly(acrylamide-co-diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) was chosen as a basis for this study. Initial settling rate, supernatant turbidity, water recovery, capillary suction time, and solids content were measured to determine the effect of polymer nanofibres on solid-liquid separation. The solid forms of the polymer (either as nanofibre or powder) perform better than the polymer solution in each test, with optimum dosages of 5 wt% mature fine tailings (MFT) loading. Nanofibres could achieve settling rates of 60 m/h, while the other forms were only able to achieve 42 m/h. Additionally, the turbidity of the supernatant obtained after flocculation with nanofibres was 15 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), while the polymer solution and powder produced turbidites of 162 NTU and 70 NTU, respectively. In addition, polymer nanofibres and powders generated larger flocs compared to the polymer solution, which produced small, homogenized flocs.     

不同品种烤烟成熟期糖代谢酶活性及基因的表达分析

为了探究不同品种烤烟成熟期糖代谢的变化规律,明确烟叶品质形成的分子作用机理。以烤烟品种秦烟96、豫烟6号和K326为试验材料,测定分析了烤烟成熟期水溶性糖组分（葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、还原糖和可溶性总糖）含量、糖代谢关键酶活性及基因表达的变化。结果表明,3个品种烤烟水溶性糖组份含量变化趋势基本一致,各水溶性糖（蔗糖除外）含量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,烟叶成熟时其含量达到峰值;蔗糖含量呈双峰波动,烟叶成熟时蔗糖含量较低。烟叶打顶至适熟阶段,SPS和AI酶活性对烟叶中水溶性糖的积累贡献最大,NtINV对烟叶糖代谢起主要调控作用;当烟叶由适熟至过熟时,AI酶活性主要参与烟叶糖代谢活动,而SS和SPS则对蔗糖积累起重要作用,NtSS和NtSPS对烟叶糖代谢起主要调控作用。同一生态环境和栽培条件下,豫烟6号内含物质充实,具有较高的水溶性糖分含量,SPS和AI酶活性的差异可能是造成烟叶糖组分及含量不同的重要原因。     

论侧钻水平井是开采“大尺度”未波及剩余油最重要的技术

开采“大尺度”未波及剩余油是提高油田采收率研究战略的第一步。从三方面论证了侧钻水平井是开采成熟油田“大尺度”未波及剩余油最重要的技术这一观点:①侧钻水平井是开采成熟油田“大尺度”未波及剩余油主要富集区的主要技术;②侧钻水平井可钻达油层中任何部位的“大尺度”未波及剩余油富集区;③侧钻水平井比钻垂直井和常规水平井费用低得多、更加经济。指出,侧钻水平井有极广阔的应用前景,因此应使这项技术成为一种高效的、经济的、配套的常规技术,研究的目标是增强效果和降低成本,研究的方法是多学科联合攻关和引入各种新技术。