纤维膜脱硫技术在汽油精制装置中的应用

陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司榆林炼油厂联合二车间催化旧汽油脱硫醇装置采用的是半再生活性炭固定床工艺,由于工艺技术落后,处理量小,消耗碱量大,产生的碱渣无法处理、不能满足生产等制约因素,榆林炼油厂于2007年新建一套汽油脱硫醇装置,处理量为45 t/h,该装置引进美国Merichem公司金属纤维膜接触器脱硫技术。采用该技术后,汽油脱硫后硫醇硫合格,博士实验通过,耗碱量由原来的25 t/a降至现在的5 t/a,降低了废固物的排放量,产品质量合格,解决了碱液循环周期短等问题。纤维膜接触器脱硫技术可以推广应用。     

固体碱负载酞菁钴硫醇氧化催化剂的研究

将CoPc(SO3Na) 4 或CoPc[N(CH3) 3I]4 和CoPc(SO3Na) 4 二元混合物 ,负载在Mg(Al)O载体上制成的催化剂 ,能有效脱除喷气燃料中的硫醇。后者的催化活性和稳定性优于前者。Mg(Al)O负载CoPc(SO3Na) 4 催化剂运转32 4h后活性下降 ,脱硫醇率低于 60 % ,硫醇硫质量分数高于 2× 1 0 - 5;而Mg(Al)O负载二元混合物催化剂在运转4 80h后 ,脱硫醇率仍可达 85% ,硫醇硫质量分数低于 1 4× 1 0 - 5。XRD和ESR表征表明 ,前者活性下降的原因主要是Mg(Al)O载体上酞菁钴分子聚集。用带有正电荷和负电荷基团的二元水溶性酞菁钴混合物制备催化剂可在一定程度上抑制酞菁钴分子的聚集 ,改善催化剂的性能。     

催化裂化汽油脱臭后硫醇超标原因分析与对策

在加工含硫原油过程中，针对二套催化裂化汽油硫醇超标问题，分析了其影响因素，提出了相应的对策。     

Removal of H2S and volatile organic sulfur compounds by silicone membrane extraction

BACKGROUND: This study explores an alternative process for the abatement and/or desulfurization of H₂S and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSC) containing waste streams, which employs a silicone‐based membrane to simultaneously remove H₂S and VOSC. An extractive membrane reactor allows the selective withdrawal of VOSC and H₂S simultaneously from the waste stream, while preventing direct contact between the waste stream and the absorbing solution and/or the biological treatment system. The influence of the sulfur compounds, membrane characteristics, extractant and pH was studied. RESULTS: Sulfide and the VOCS studied, i.e. methanethiol (MT), ethanethiol (ET) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) were removed from the synthetic wastewater using a silicone rubber membrane. Methanethiol showed the highest (8.72 × 10^?6 m s^?1) overall mass transfer coefficient (k_ov) and sulfide the lowest k_ov value (1.23 × 10^?6 m s^?1). Adsorption of the VOCS into the silicone membrane reduced the overall mass transfer coefficient. The k_ov when using Fe(III)EDTA^? as extractant (5.81 × 10^?7 m s^?1) for sulfide extraction was one order of magnitude lower than with anaerobic water (2.54 × 10^?6 m s^?1). On the other hand, the sulfide removal efficiency with Fe(III)EDTA^? was higher (84%) compared with anaerobic water (60%) as extractant. An additional mass transfer resistance was formed by elemental sulfur which remained attached to the membrane surface. CONCLUSIONS: Extraction of sulfide and VOCS from a synthetic wastewater solution through a silicone rubber membrane is a feasible process as alternative to the techniques developed to treat VOSC emissions. Optimizing the aqueous absorption liquid can increase the efficiency of extraction based processes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同调节剂在氯丁二烯乳液聚合中的行为

考察了正、叔十二碳硫醇(n、t-DDM)和调节剂丁在氯丁二烯(2-CB)乳液聚合中的行为及对氯丁橡胶(CR)性能的影响。硫醇对2-CB的聚合有阻碍作用,它加入水相和加入单体中,其消耗速度相同,但n-DDM加入水相中的用量较高;t-DDM用量约为n-DDM用量的2.5倍。单体中的杂质甲基乙烯基酮消耗硫醇,应按其含量相应地增加硫醇用量。调节剂丁调节型CR生胶的拉伸强度比硫酸调节型CR的稍高,但其硫化胶的拉伸强度和撕裂强度却比硫酸调节型 CR的稍低。硫酵调节型 CR的热稳定性和电性能均比调节剂丁调节型 CR的高。     

硫化氢加成直接合成硫醇的催化剂研究进展

综述了硫化氢烯烃加成直接合成硫醇的催化剂研究进展,所述催化剂包括Friedel-Crafts催化剂、沸石分子筛、改性的三氧化二铝等。     

Regenerable sorbent for natural gas desulfurization

Sulfur-containing odorants are normally added to propane and natural gas supplies to facilitate leak detection. The sulfur in these fuels can poison the catalysts used in fuel-cell fuel-processing systems, thereby inactivating the surfaces of the fuel-cell anodes and resulting in degraded power generation performance. The sulfur content of natural gas or any hydrocarbon fuel needs to be reduced to very low levels to ensure long-term stable electrochemical performance for both high- and low-temperature fuel cells. This paper presents the development and test results of a new physical adsorbent for natural gas desulfurization. The sorbent effectively removes all sulfur-bearing compounds at ambient temperature with very high capacity. The new sorbent can also be fully regenerated by the temperature swing. In a series of tests, the sulfur adsorption capacity of the new material is compared with other commercially available and specially prepared sorbents. The results of the comparison tests are also summarized in this paper. This paper was presented at the ASM Materials Solutions Conference & Show held October 18–21, 2004 in Columbus, OH.     

Experiments of Mercaptans Removal from FCC Gasoline by NaOH Aqueous in Membrane Contactor

Abstract

The process of mercaptans removal from fluid catalytic cracked (FCC) gasoline by NaOH aqueous in a hollow fiber contactor was studied. The results showed that fractional removal of mercaptans was greater in a hydrophobic membrane than that in a hydrophilic membrane at the same condition. The mass transfer coefficient of mercaptans increased significantly while the gasoline flow rate increased because the predominant resistance lies in the gasoline boundary layer. HA-18 modified the solubility of mercaptans in caustic solution and enhanced mercaptans extraction from gasoline. The membrane module should be cleaned by a prolonged operation to recover the membrane property due to membrane fouling.     

助催化剂对固载型催化剂催化氧化重硫醇活性的影响

以含硫醇的模拟汽油为物系,采用改性固载型催化剂进行了脱重硫醇的实验。考察了有机铵类助催化剂含量、催化剂的干燥方式、催化剂含水量等对重硫醇转化率的影响;采用SEM手段对催化剂的形貌进行表征。实验结果表明,有机铵类助催化剂的加入可以提高催化剂催化氧化重硫醇的活性,当催化剂中助催化剂的含量约为0.2%(w)时,催化活性较高;催化剂合适的干燥条件为60℃真空干燥(真空度0.09 MPa)10 h;当催化剂含水量在5%～20%(w)时,其催化活性较高。SEM表征结果显示,活性组分均匀地分布于催化剂的内外表面,充分利用了载体的空间,一定程度上克服了活性组分的流失,增强了催化氧化硫醇的能力。