Properties of nanoporous organosilicate hybrid thin films with a bimodal pore size distribution

Low dielectric poly[methylsilsesquioxane‐ran‐trifluoropropylsilsesquioxane‐ran‐(2,4,6,8‐tetramethyl‐2,4,6,8‐tetraethylenecyclotetrasiloxane)silsesquioxane]s {P[M‐ran‐TFP‐ran‐(TCS)]SSQs} having various compositions were synthesized using trifluoropropyl trimethoxysilane, methyl trimethoxysilane and 2,4,6,8‐tetramethyl‐2,4,6,8‐tetra(trimethoxysilylethyl)cyclotetrasiloxane. The chemical composition of the polymers and the content of SiOH end‐groups were controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions, and they were characterized by ¹H‐NMR. The thermally decomposable trifluoropropyl groups on the P[M‐ran‐TFP‐ran‐(TCS)]SSQ backbone and heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin (CD) were employed as pore generators. The dielectric constants of the porous CD/P[M‐ran‐TFP‐ran‐(TCS)]SSQ films were in the range 2.0–2.7 (at 100 kHz) depending on the concentration of the porogens, and showed no change over 4 days under aqueous conditions. The pore size of the films showed a bimodal distribution, with diameters of ca 0.5–1.0 nm for those originating from the trifluoropropyl groups and 1.7 nm from the CD. The elastic modulus and hardness of the 30 vol% CD‐blended film with a dielectric constant of 2.26 were 2.40 and 0.38 GPa, respectively, as determined by a nanoindenter. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

用于单个纳米颗粒检测的固态纳米孔器件的仿真与优化

基于固态纳米孔器件的检测技术是近年来的研究热点,它可广泛用于各种纳米颗粒、生物分子检测及DNA测序等各个领域.采用数值方法对两种常用的纳米孔器件,即圆柱形纳米孔和棱台形纳米孔器件在检测纳米颗粒穿过时的局部电场变化以及离子电流特性进行了系统性的仿真和分析,提出了采用纳米孔阻塞电流因子,来评估器件性能.在此基础上,深入分析和讨论了纳米孔的孔径和孔深等参数的变化对检测纳米粒子性能的影响,并提出了优化的纳米孔器件设计方案.研究结果对纳米孔器件的制备,以及其在检测纳米颗粒的应用实践中提供了理论指导.     

纳米孔传感技术应用于肿瘤早期诊断的研究进展

近几十年来,尽管研究人员一直在努力开发新的诊断和治疗技术,癌症仍然是世界上发病率和死亡率最高的疾病之一。其中关键点是在肿瘤发生的早期进行诊断。现有的肿瘤早期诊断方法有很多缺点,比如对病患肿瘤组织的侵入。因此,与肿瘤相关的无创诊断的研究已经越来越多并已经取得进展。研究发现,蛋白、DNA或者RNA等生物大分子都有可能成为潜在的肿瘤标志物,已有的检测方法也存在许多缺点。纳米孔因具有独特的物理和电学性质,对生物分子的检测有快速、无需标记和扩增等优点,已被广泛使用和证明。在不远的将来,应用纳米孔对肿瘤标志物进行检测,进行肿瘤诊断并监控治疗过程值得期待。主要介绍了纳米孔传感技术应用于肿瘤早期诊断中肿瘤标志物检测的研究进展。     

Semianalytical method of two-phase liquid transport in shale reservoirs and its application in fracture characterization

This study presents a new semi-analytical method to simulate the two-phase liquid transport in hydraulic fractures (HF) and matrix system, which can be applied to characterize HF attributes and dynamics using the flowback data from hydraulically fractured shale oil wells. The proposed approach includes a fracture model for HF properties calculation and a matrix model capable of considering multiple liquid transport mechanisms in shale nanopores. The proposed method is first validated with the numerical simulation then applied to a field example in Eagle Ford shale. The numerical validation confirms that our method can accurately characterize fracture attributes and closure dynamics by closely estimating the initial fracture permeability, pore-volume, compressibility, and permeability modulus. Furthermore, the analysis results from numerical simulation and a field example both indicate a clear flow enhancement and deficit for oil and water transport, respectively, due to the slippage effect and variation of fluid properties inside nanopores.     

限域空间内的结晶研究进展

在经典成核理论基础之上,综述了无机、有机化合物和大分子聚合物等几类物质在不同的限域空间内的结晶行为,并与普通溶液结晶行为进行了比较。分析了不同限域空间对晶体的成核、生长以及相转化产生的影响,如成核速率、生长取向、晶型种类等。研究表明,在高度分散的纳米孔基质中,孔径尺寸、形貌对晶体成核与生长的控制机理不同,从而影响了最终的晶体结构。     

页岩储层微观孔隙结构特征

为了研究页岩储层的微观孔隙结构特征,应用场发射环境扫描电子显微镜观察了页岩表面纳米级孔隙微观形态,并通过低温氮吸附法测定了页岩的氮气吸附等温线,同时结合高压压汞实验对页岩储层孔隙结构进行了深入研究。研究结果表明：页岩储层孔隙处于纳米量级,孔隙类型可分为有机质纳米孔、黏土矿物粒间孔、岩石骨架矿物孔、古生物化石孔和微裂缝5种类型,其中有机质纳米孔和黏土矿物粒间孔发育最为广泛;页岩孔径分布复杂,既含有大量的中孔（2～50nm）,又含有一定量的微孔（<2nm）和大孔（>50nm）;孔径小于50nm的微孔和中孔提供了大部分比表面积和孔体积,是气体吸附和存储的主要场所;页岩阈压非常高,孔喉分选性好,连通性差,退汞效率低,中孔对气体渗流起明显贡献作用,微孔则主要起储集作用。     

硅纳米孔结构在多晶硅太阳能电池中的应用

利用金属辅助化学刻蚀及碱修饰方法在多晶硅上制备了硅纳米孔结构,比较了硅纳米孔结构和酸制绒常规多晶硅硅片在反射、内量子效率、磷浓度分布以及电池性能等方面的情况。研究表明,硅纳米孔结构多晶硅太阳能电池开压为0.6261V,短路电流为8.683A,填充因子为79.06%,效率为17.66%,比酸制绒常规电池片高出0.23%。     

Understanding focused ion beam guided anodic alumina nanopore development

Focused ion beam (FIB) patterning in combination with anodization has shown great promise in creating unique pore patterns. This work is aimed to understand the effect of the FIB patterned sites in guiding anodized pore development. Highly ordered porous anodic alumina has been created with the guidance of FIB created patterns on electropolished aluminum followed by oxalic acid anodization. Shallow concaves created by the FIB with only 1.5 nm depth can effectively guide the growth of ordered nanopore patterns. With the guidance of the FIB pattern, the anodization rate is much faster and the nanopore growth direction bends at the boundary of the FIB patterned and un-patterned regions. FIB patterning also enlarges the anodization window; ordered nanopore arrays with 150 nm interpore distances can be produced under an applied potential from 50 V to 80 V. The fundamental understanding of these unique processes is discussed.