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Wladek T. Sobol L.John SchreinerLjubis̆a Miljković Maria E. Marcondes-HeleneLeonard W. Reeves M.Mik Pintar 《Fuel》1985
The first results of the analysis of bitumen and oil sands using the recently developed n.m.r. spingrouping technique are presented. The n.m.r. relaxation experiments were carried out on bitumen, and on natural and dried oil sands samples. The results indicate that the spin-grouping can resolve and quantify several components of the samples studied. The bitumen and bitumen fraction of the oil sands are resolved according to their spin-spin relaxation times into three major groups: solid-like (rigid), solid-like (mobile) and semi-liquid. The water in the oil sands exists in two different environments. Tentatively one environment is assigned to be the bridges between the sand grains, while the other is assigned to be the clay surface. One can conclude that with spin grouping of complex mixtures the decomposition (in which components are resolved according to their dynamic state) is possible. The accuracy of such resolution is of the order of a few per cent. 相似文献
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Hussain Sheikha Anil K. Mehrotra Mehran Pooladi-Darvish 《Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering》2006,53(3-4):189-202
An inverse solution methodology is developed for the estimation of diffusion coefficient of gases in highly viscous, oil-sands bitumens from isothermal, pressure-decay measurements. The approach involves modeling the rate of change in pressure using the diffusion equation for the liquid phase coupled with a mass balance equation for the gas phase. The inverse solution framework is utilized to arrive at two graphical techniques for estimating the diffusion coefficient. Both techniques involve the determination of the slope of a straight line resulting from plotting the experimental data in accordance with the developed model. An advantage of the proposed techniques is that the diffusion coefficient is estimated directly, i.e. without making it an adjustable parameter. The novelty of the proposed method is in its simplicity as well as its ability to isolate portions of the pressure-decay data affected by experimental fluctuations. The effect of the initial pressure on the predicted diffusion coefficient and pressure-decay profile was also investigated. The diffusion coefficients of CO2, CH4, C2H6 and N2 in Athabasca bitumen at 50–90 °C and about 8 MPa were estimated and compared with literature values. 相似文献
4.
Ronak A. Kapadia Simant R. Upreti Ali Lohi Ioannis Chatzis 《Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering》2006,51(3-4):214-222
In this work, a mathematical model is developed and simulated to determine gas dispersion along with solubility during the vapor extraction (Vapex) of live oil from a laboratory scale physical model. The physical model is a rectangular block of homogenous porous medium saturated with heavy oil and bitumen. At a given temperature and pressure, the block is initially exposed on its side to a solvent gas, which diffuses into the medium and gets absorbed. The absorption of gas reduces the viscosity of heavy oil and bitumen causing it to drain under gravity. The low-viscosity “live oil” is produced at the bottom of the porous block. The production of live oil with time is accompanied by the shrinkage of oil in the block as well as its increased exposure to gas from top. These phenomena of Vapex are described by the mathematical model, which is used to calculate live oil production with various values of gas solubility and dispersion. Their optimal values are determined for the vapor extraction of Cold Lake bitumen with butane by matching calculated live oil production with its experimental values published earlier. 相似文献
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Viscosity data over a temperature range of 37-115°C and a pressure range of 0-10 MPa gauge are presented for a Cold Lake bitumen sample. These data show that the compression of Cold Lake bitumen results in a significant increase in its viscosity. Results are compared with those from a similar study on an Athabasca bitumen sample. Also presented are two correlations for the effects of pressure and temperature on the viscosity of Cold Lake bitumen. 相似文献
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Experimental work was carried out to investigate the rheological properties of bitumen in water emulsions containing solids of different shape and size. The bitumen volumetric concentration was varied up to 60%, solids free basis, and the solids volume fraction (total volume basis) was varied up to 0.2. Irregular-shaped silica sand (average diameter: 9 and 33 μm) and smooth spherical glass beads (average diameter: 27 and 44 μm) were used as the added solids. In the low shear stress range, shear thinning behavior was observed for bitumen in water emulsions. At high shear stress, the viscosity of the emulsions became fairly independent of the shear stress. The addition of solids to the bitumen emulsions increased the mixture viscosity. The addition of irregular-shaped silica sand gave a higher viscosity than a similar addition of the spherical glass beads. The viscosity of the emulsion/solids mixtures was influenced by the solids size as well; the smaller size particles gave a higher viscosity. The addition of solids to the bitumen emulsions also induced shear thickening (dilatancy) behavior at high solids volume fraction. The degree of the shear thickening increased with the oil concentration. 相似文献
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A methodology was developed in this study to evaluate the effect of operating parameters on the processability of oil sands using small‐scale laboratory experimental devices. By subtracting bitumen recovered to the froth by entrainment with water, the concept of “true flotation recovery” is proposed to describe bitumen recovery resulting from bitumenbubble attachment. The experimental results indicated that “true flotation recovery” is a more sensitive and meaningful marker than overall bitumen recovery to evaluate the processability of oil sands using small‐scale laboratory test units. 相似文献