石油型资源城市低碳发展路径研究

采用基于能源消费的碳排放和不同土地利用的碳承载能力计算石油型资源城市的生态赤字,并结合不同产业空间划分对8个石油型资源城市不同产业空间碳足迹进行测算。研完结果显示:(1)我国石油型资源城市现阶段的生产性土地面积远远不足以补偿碳足迹,生态赤字为1 957.39hm~2,相当于研究区域总面积的近3倍。(2)生态赤字总量最大的为东营,其次为大庆,总量最小的是玉门和任丘。而人均生态赤字较大的城市为东营和克拉玛依,最小的是茂名和濮阳。(3)不同产业空间碳足迹总量上,工业空间碳足迹最大,占碳足迹总量的48%:其次为生活、商业空间,占42%;其他空间碳足迹一共占到10%。因此,石油型资源城市短时期内应走"支柱产业广化深化"低碳发展路线,并在此基础上制定"渐去资源化"和"多元化"的长期低碳转型目标。     

GPC法测定煤基、石油基聚丙烯分子量及分布

采用GPC法测定神宁化工生产的均聚聚丙烯牌号（1#）及国内市场上两个同类牌号（2#、3#）的分子量大小及其分布,结果表明1#样品分布最窄;三者在三氯苯溶液中,150℃时具有良好的溶解性,在溶液中的分布状态基本一致。与2#、3#相比,1#样品的分子量分布更窄,更适合用做拉丝料,保证丝带不断丝,稳定生产。     

积极发展石油替代化学品技术

随着石油资源的日益枯竭和油价高企,发展石油替代化学品正变得越来越重要。包括甲醇制烯烃,一氧化碳制草酸酯和乙二醇,乙炔化学品,二氧化碳聚合物,生物质气化合成化工产品,发酵法生产丙酮、丁醇,乙醇衍生化工产品,甘油合成化工产品,糠醛和羟甲基糠醛合成化工产品,淀粉合成化工产品等重要的石油替代化学品生产技术被介绍。     

Reclaimation of petroleum-based wastewater by noval ozone immobilized biological activated carbon process

The current trend in industrial wastewater manage-ment focuses both on pollution prevention by source re-duction/clean technologies and closed water systems,in which wastewater recycling plays a major role[1].Wastewater reclamation and reuse is pivotal for the sus-taining development of human. Even if total recyclingmay not be required in all cases, it represents an alter-native for industries with high-water consumption, wheneither stringent discharge limits are imposed or limitedfresh water …     

Environmental aspects of high-temperature conversion of petroleum-based fuels

At present, discussions concerning use of clean technologies in oil and gas industry are thriving more than ever before because the question of global warming and the threat to public health have reached critical points. The present research intends to study the various thermal processes and investigate the environmental advantages and disadvantages of each one in the oil utilization process. Each process is first briefly introduced and its environmental features are then examined. Since the energetic aspects of these processes are also important, and in some cases combustion is preferred to the environmental aspects, the energetic features of all these processes are also explained in brief.     

Synthetic and Bio-Derived Surfactants Versus Microbial Biosurfactants in the Cosmetic Industry: An Overview

This article includes an updated review of the classification, uses and side effects of surfactants for their application in the cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries. Based on their origin and composition, surfactants can be divided into three different categories: (i) synthetic surfactants; (ii) bio-based surfactants; and (iii) microbial biosurfactants. The first group is the most widespread and cost-effective. It is composed of surfactants, which are synthetically produced, using non-renewable sources, with a final structure that is different from the natural components of living cells. The second category comprises surfactants of intermediate biocompatibility, usually produced by chemical synthesis but integrating fats, sugars or amino acids obtained from renewable sources into their structure. Finally, the third group of surfactants, designated as microbial biosurfactants, are considered the most biocompatible and eco-friendly, as they are produced by living cells, mostly bacteria and yeasts, without the intermediation of organic synthesis. Based on the information included in this review it would be interesting for cosmetic, personal care and pharmaceutical industries to consider microbial biosurfactants as a group apart from surfactants, needing specific regulations, as they are less toxic and more biocompatible than chemical surfactants having formulations that are more biocompatible and greener.     

增产丙烯技术研究进展

对由石油路线和非石油路线增产丙烯技术所涉及到的工艺过程进行了综述,指出近期丙烯生产仍将以石油路线为主,非石油路线为辅。从反应机理、热力学分析可知,采用择形分子筛催化剂在较低反应温度(400～600℃)下的烃类裂解制丙烯工艺可得到高的丙烯收率,是目前由石油路线增产丙烯的主要发展方向,特别是采用择形分子筛催化剂的多产丙烯流化催化裂化技术和低碳烯烃转化技术相耦合的工艺;而非石油路线中的甲醇/二甲醚转化制丙烯技术与低碳烯烃转化技术相耦合的工艺将是我国增产丙烯的另一重要途径。     

煤基/石油基火箭煤油高参数黏温特性与组分特性研究

为探究温度变化及组分变化对液体火箭推进剂黏度的影响规律,以煤基/石油基火箭煤油两种燃料为研究对象,获取两种燃料宽广温度和压力范围内的黏度数据,构建两种燃料“黏度-温度-压力”数学模型,大多数模型偏差都在5%的实验扩展不确定度范围内,能够精确预测燃料黏度随温度及压力的变化。黏温系数及等压黏度变化率的大小可反映不同燃料的黏温特性,对比结果表明,煤基煤油和石油基煤油的黏温系数和等压黏度变化率的绝对值相近,受温度影响程度几乎相同。根据运动黏度梯度,提供两种火箭煤油雾化燃烧效果最佳的临界预热温度。以灰色关联理论方法分析火箭煤油五组分烃类物质与黏度及黏度变化率的相关性,研究影响火箭煤油黏度的敏感组分因素。结果表明：单环烷烃对低温火箭煤油黏度指标影响最大,双环烷烃对高温火箭煤油黏度指标影响最大。