Learned avoidance of flavors signaling reduction in a nutrient.

Food-deprived rats learned to avoid a flavor negatively correlated with access to a rich nutrient, 20% maltodextrin (20M) solution. This avoidance in two-bottle choice tests was produced by training consisting of either an unpaired condition where sessions of unflavored 20M were intermixed with sessions of 2 or 3% maltodextrin (2M or 3M) flavored with salt (Experiment 1) or almond (Experiments 3 and 4) or a differential conditioning procedure where one flavor was mixed with 20M and another with 2M (Experiment 2). Avoidance was counter-conditioned by mixing the target flavor with 20M (Experiment 1), generalized to a neutral context (Experiment 3), and displayed strong resistance to extinction (Experiment 4). The results demonstrated that food avoidance learning can occur in the absence of an aversive unconditioned stimulus and indicated that unpaired control groups and differential conditioning procedures may be misleading in flavor preference learning research when further control conditions are absent. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

东营凹陷三维地震采集评述

近30年,来东营凹陷共采集67块三维地震资料,基本覆盖了整个凹陷。本文简要介绍了该凹陷三维地震勘探的历程,对其三维地震采集技术进行了后评估;根据凹陷内2块二次采集的三维地震资料结果,对即将到来的大规模第二次高精度三维地震采集提出几点建议。