东濮凹陷三春集下第三系隐蔽油气藏研究

东濮凹陷三春集地区下第三系隆起带各高点勘探效果较东翼斜坡带差，但具备形成隐蔽油气藏的地质条件，该地区沙四上亚段－沙三下亚段烃源岩晚第三纪早中期产烃规模有限，生成的油气沿着断层向固阳洼陷西侧运移，在春东断层下降盘中的反向屋脊岩性圈闭中富集。通过石油地质综合研究，预测固阳洼陷西侧为三春集构造带陷蔽油气藏滚动勘探的有利地区。图3参2（张建军摘）。     

准噶尔盆地不整合结构的地球物理响应及油气成藏意义

准噶尔盆地自成盆期以来经历了多期次构造运动,形成数个不整合。这些不整合在剖面上可分为5种类型,它们在地震上具有明显的反射特征。在纵向上,不整合分为3层结构,每层结构发育着多种岩石类型,它们在测井曲线组合上具各自不同的响应。不整合纵向的分层结构构成油气运移的双重通道,同时为油气聚集提供良好的储集空间和圈闭条件。尽管不整合的成藏条件有共同之处,但由于形成各类不整合时的应力强度、应力作用方式及地层变形程度等存在差异,导致不同类型的不整合还具有各自不同的油气成藏模式。      

上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期厘定方法及其应用

为研究含油气盆地油源断裂带附近不同储盖组合的油气富集规律,在上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期研究的基础上,通过确定油源断裂活动时期、源岩排烃时期和区域性泥岩盖层渗漏时期,组合三者建立了一套上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期的厘定方法。实例应用结果表明：渤海湾盆地歧口凹陷上覆沙一下亚段储盖组合南大港断裂输导油气时期为馆陶组至明化镇组沉积时期,有利于油气在沙一下亚段聚集成藏;上覆东三段储盖组合南大港断裂输导油气时期为明化镇组沉积中期至末期,不利于油气在东三段聚集成藏;上覆馆陶组储盖组合南大港断裂输导油气时期为零,无油气在馆陶组聚集成藏。这与南大港断裂附近目前已发现油气在沙一下亚段相对较多,东三段相对较少和馆陶组无相吻合,表明该方法用于厘定上覆不同储盖组合油源断裂输导油气时期是可行的。     

Using habitat guilds to develop habitat suitability criteria for a warmwater stream fish assemblage

The diversity of fish species found in warmwater stream systems provides a perplexing challenge when selecting species for assessment of instream flow needs from physical habitat analyses. In this paper we examined the feasibility of developing habitat suitability criteria (HSC) for the entire fish community of a warmwater stream using habitat guilds. Each species was placed a priori into a guild structure and habitat data were collected for depth, velocity, Froude number, distance to cover, embeddedness and dominant and subdominant substrate. Correct guild classification was tested with linear discriminant analysis for each species. Correct classification based on habitat‐use data was highest for riffle and pool‐cover guilds, whereas the fast‐generalist and pool‐run classes, the broader niche guilds, were more frequently misclassified. Variables most important for discriminating guilds were Froude number, velocity and depth in that order. Nonparametric tolerance limits were used to develop guild suitability criteria for continuous variables and the Strauss linear index was used for categorical variables. We recommend the use of a wide array of variables to establish more accurate habitat analysis. Additionally, guild HSC can be developed with similar effort to that needed to develop HSC for a small number of individual species. Results indicate that a habitat guild structure can be successfully transferred to another river basin and that habitats for a diverse fish assemblage can be adequately described by a small number of habitat guilds. This approach represents an alternative for incorporating entire fish assemblages into habitat analyses of warmwater stream systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大别山太湖榴辉岩变质矿物共生分析

对皖西大别山太湖榴辉岩中的石榴子石（Ｇｔ）、单斜辉石（Ｃｐｘ）、角闪石（Ｈｂ）、蓝晶石（Ｋｙ）、斜长石（Ｐｌ）和方解石（Ｃｃ）等变质矿物进行了矿物共生分析,认为该区矿物共生组合的存在及其变化主要取决于钾钠化学位和温度、压力的变化,在榴辉岩向榴闪岩退变质转化过程中钠交代和温压的降低是重要的物理化学条件。     

FISH ASSEMBLAGES IN NON‐REGULATED AND REGULATED RIVERS FROM PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY IBERIAN SYSTEMS

The effects of river regulation on the hydrological cycle of a river and on the respective fish assemblage may differ according to dam operation purpose and type of river analysed. To assess the spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages and their response to the hydrological changes caused by two different types of flow regulation, we selected three sampling sites in four rivers with different levels of regulation, two in a permanent river system and another two on a temporary one, which we sampled in four different annual seasons. In the permanent system, hydroelectrical regulation decreased hydrological variability, which affected fluvial specialist species, benefitting the generalist ones, and created a more homogeneous community that presented less intra‐annual variation. In the temporary system, agricultural regulation caused an inversion of the hydrological cycle, maintaining a moderate flow volume throughout the drought period that benefited the introduced, generalist and more tolerant species. Monthly volume was recognized, in a temporal scale, as the most important hydrological feature for assemblages’ structure, predicting the intra‐annual variation of several ecological guilds. This study provides important considerations for dam management and riverine ecosystems conservation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Short‐term effects in a reduced flow stretch: The case of the Antas River in South Brazil

The building of adduction channels (penstocks) that conduct water from reservoirs to turbines, which are located kilometres from the dam, is becoming common, optimizing the electricity generation in small dams. This design creates a river stretch with reduced discharge between the dam and the powerhouse. This study evaluates the short‐term impacts of the below‐dam decrease in river flow on fish assemblages. Samples were collected in the reduced flow stretch of the Castro Alves Hydropower Plant (Antas River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) before the reservoir started operating (January 2008; mean discharge of 103.7 m³/s) and immediately after operation began (March 2008; mean discharge of 12.4 m³/s). Sampling was conducted in distinct habitats of the reduced flow stretch (slow waters—gillnets, sand beaches—seining nets, structured littoral—electrofishing, and fast waters—cast nets) with a strongly standardized effort. The attributes of the fish assemblages were not negatively affected by the flow reduction in any habitat sampled. However, distinct changes in the spatial structure were observed considering the different types of habitat predominantly used by the species, which represents an entire reorganization of the fish assemblages in the short term. It is fundamental that these short‐term aspects be considered in the licensing of hydropower plants in addition to the long‐term changes.     

结合沉积成藏规律实现葡萄花疑难层测井解释

测井综合评价中,常以电阻率测量值的高低来反映岩层的含油饱和程度,以孔隙度测井值来反映岩层的储集能力。由于沉积成藏条件复杂,部分岩层测井评价存在困难,具体归纳为"低阻油层"、"高阻水层"两种情况。弱水动力的低能量沉积环境、辅以较高的地层水矿化度形成"低阻油层";而油气运移"路过"的部分岩层,孔隙内残余原油氧化后致使流体导电能力降低,形成"高阻水层"。以卫星油田葡萄花油层为例,在沉积微相、油气运移成藏规律基础上,分析总结复杂油水分布特征,将电阻率、孔隙度、断层、岩层到葡顶的距离、砂体展布情况等诸要素联系起来,建立综合识别方法,有效提高了这两类疑难储层的测井评价精度。     

安徽油区挖潜潜力分析

安徽油区为一系列构造成因的小断块群组成,构造演化与沉积背景特征决定了成藏模式。区内构造破碎,断块面积小,储层“三低”特征明显,挖潜难度大。从油藏成因入手,依据对油气运聚成藏规律的认识和勘探开发实践中取得的实际资料,通过对已发现的含油断块储油丰度与相关地质因素之间的关系分析,从垂向和横向上进一步认识油气分布规律,探索老区挖潜方向,找出可能具有潜在挖潜价值的潜力区,以增强老区增储上产能力。     

皖南地区荷塘组页岩气成藏条件及有利区预测

通过野外实地观察、样品采集及系列实验分析发现,皖南下扬子区下寒武统荷塘组页岩在研究区内分布广泛,沉积厚度大(约60~360 m),有机质丰度高(达0.5%~7.2%),热演化程度较高(Ro为2.0%~5.5%),达高-过成熟阶段晚期,具有较好的生烃潜力;储集层孔隙度平均为0.716%,为游离气提供了一定的储存空间,等温吸附实验测得吸附气含量平均为0.443 cm3/g,表明研究区页岩具有较强的吸附能力。通过综合研究认为,石台—黟县—泾县—宁国一带为今后的有利勘探区,分布面积约9 100 km2.