Approximate channel identification via δ‐signed correlation

A method of approximate channel identification is proposed that is based on a simplification of the correlation estimator. Despite the numerical simplification (no multiplications or additions are required, only comparisons and an accumulator), the performance of the proposed estimator is not significantly worse than that of the standard correlation estimator. A free (user selectable) parameter moves ‘smoothly’ from a situation with small sum‐squared channel estimation error but hard‐to‐identify channel peaks, to one with a larger sum‐squared estimation error but easy‐to‐identify channel peaks. The proposed estimator is shown to be biased and its behaviour is analysed in a number of situations. Applications of the proposed estimator to sparsity detection, symbol timing recovery and to the initialization of blind equalizers are suggested. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于新型混合模型的欠定盲分离方法

针对欠定盲分离问题,提出了一种新的源恢复方法. 在时频域局部区域采用复高斯分布对源信号进行建模,将语音信号的稀疏性和局部平稳性结合在一起,提出了一种新的混合模型来描述观测信号在局部区域的概率分布.通过该模型,将每个时频点的源信号状态的判断问题转换成模型的参数估计和后验概率的计算问题,最后通过子混合矩阵的逆恢复出源信号. 实验结果表明,该方法具有很快的收敛速度,并且比已有方法具有更好的分离性能.     

一种梯度交替迭代设计测量矩阵的方法

在压缩采样中,测量矩阵应该和表达字典有尽可能小的相干性,随机测量矩阵一直被使用是因为其和任何表达字典都有较小的相干性。提出一种基于梯度迭代最小化方法,作为格拉斯曼框架设计的一种变体,通过优化一个初始的随机测量矩阵来得到相干性更小的测量矩阵。仿真结果表明所设计的测量矩阵具有更好的性能。     

基于slope one算法改进评分矩阵填充的协同过滤算法研究

为解决协同过滤算法中的数据稀疏性问题,提出了一种改进的协同过滤算法。该算法使用slope one算法计算出来的评分预测值来填充评分矩阵中的未评分项目,然后在填充后的用户-项目评分矩阵上通过基于用户的协同过滤方法给出推荐。利用slope one算法计算出来的评分预测值作为回填值,既能降低评分矩阵的稀疏性,也保证了回填值的多样性,从而减少均值、中值等单一填充值造成的推荐误差。在MovieLens-1M数据集上对本文改进算法和协同过滤算法及均值中心化处理的算法作五折交叉实验,结果表明,基于评分预测值填充数据后的协同过滤算法有效的缓解了数据稀疏性问题,并且有更好的推荐效果。     

Discriminative multi-task objects tracking with active feature selection and drift correction

In this paper, we propose a discriminative multi-task objects tracking method with active feature selection and drift correction. The developed method formulates object tracking in a particle filter framework as multi-Task discriminative tracking. As opposed to generative methods that handle particles separately, the proposed method learns the representation of all the particles jointly and the corresponding coefficients are similar. The tracking algorithm starts from the active feature selection scheme, which adaptively chooses suitable number of discriminative features from the tracked target and background in the dynamic environment. Based on the selected feature space, the discriminative dictionary is constructed and updated dynamically. Only a few of them are used to represent all the particles at each frame. In other words, all the particles share the same dictionary templates and their representations are obtained jointly by discriminative multi-task learning. The particle that has the highest similarity with the dictionary templates is selected as the next tracked target state. This jointly sparsity and discriminative learning can exploit the relationship between particles and improve tracking performance. To alleviate the visual drift problem encountered in object tracking, a two-stage particle filtering algorithm is proposed to complete drift correction and exploit both the ground truth information of the first frame and observations obtained online from the current frame. Experimental evaluations on challenging sequences demonstrate the effectiveness, accuracy and robustness of the proposed tracker in comparison with state-of-the-art algorithms.     

一种基于Sigmoid函数的改进协同过滤推荐算法

随着电子商务和社交网络的蓬勃发展, 推荐系统逐渐成为数据挖掘领域的重要研究方向。推荐系统能够从海量信息中定位用户兴趣点, 提供个性化服务。协同过滤算法能够有效分析用户偏好, 提供合适的推荐服务。针对评分矩阵稀疏时传统协同过滤算法性能很差的问题, 提出一种基于Sigmoid函数的改进推荐系统算法。利用Sigmoid函数对不同项目进行建模, 得到项目的平均受欢迎程度; 利用Sigmoid函数对不同用户进行建模, 将评分映射为用户对项目的喜好程度; 根据用户对项目喜好程度应该与项目平均受欢迎程度贴近的原则进行评分预测。在两组真实数据集合上的实验结果表明, 该算法较好地解决了数据稀疏性问题, 能够有效提高传统算法的预测准确性。     

基于流形学习的正交稀疏保留投影

稀疏保留投影通过保留样本之间的全局稀疏重构关系来进行特征提取,获得了良好的分类效果。但是,稀疏保留投影得到的投影变换通常不是正交的,而且在实际应用中,正交性一直被认为有利于提高鉴别能力。另外,根据流形学习理论,局部流形结构比全局欧式结构更重要。因此,文中在稀疏保留投影中引入了流形结构保留和正交投影,提出了整体正交流形稀疏保留投影（HOMSPP）和迭代正交流形稀疏保留投影（IOMSPP）两种实现算法来实现人脸和掌纹图像的特征提取。     

基于流形学习的整体正交稀疏保留鉴别分析

稀疏保留投影是一种有效的特征提取方法,但是其主要关注样本间的全局稀疏重构关系,并且得到的投影变换通常不是正交的。在实际应用中,图像数据往往处于高维空间中的一种低维流形中,正交性一直被认为有利于提高鉴别能力。文中以有监督学习的方式在稀疏保留投影中引入了流形结构保留,并使得投影空间正交,从而提出了一种新的特征提取方法,即基于流形学习的整体正交稀疏保留鉴别分析（MLHOSDA）。在人脸和掌纹图像数据库的实验结果表明此方法具有较好的识别效果。     

Robust sparse principal component analysis

The model for improving the robustness of sparse principal component analysis（PCA） is proposed in this paper. Instead of the l2-norm variance utilized in the conventional sparse PCA model,the proposed model maximizes the l1-norm variance,which is less sensitive to noise and outlier. To ensure sparsity,lp-norm（0 p 1） constraint,which is more general and effective than l1-norm,is considered. A simple yet efficient algorithm is developed against the proposed model. The complexity of the algorithm approximately linearly increases with both of the size and the dimensionality of the given data,which is comparable to or better than the current sparse PCA methods. The proposed algorithm is also proved to converge to a reasonable local optimum of the model. The efficiency and robustness of the algorithm is verified by a series of experiments on both synthetic and digit number image data.