徐深气田兴城开发区营一段火山岩气藏岩性岩相研究

徐深气田兴城开发区营城组一段火山岩气藏位于松辽盆地北部徐家围子断陷升平-兴城构造带上，储层以酸性火山岩为主，可分为火山熔岩和火山角砾岩两大类。岩相类型有爆发相、溢流相、火山沉积相、火山通道相和侵出相五种类型，其中爆发相和溢流相分布范围广、物性好。是有利的储集相带。根据地震反射参数，从内部反射结构和外部几何形态出发，结合反射同相轴的振幅和连续性，在地震反射剖面上识别出丘状、楔状、亚平行状、柱状和伞状五种地震相类型，这些地震相类型与对应井点处单井相解释结果一致，与岩相类型对应关系明确。在剖面相准确识别的基础上，编制火山岩相平面分布图，为优选建产区块和部署开发井位提供依据。     

Stability Criteria of Underground Workings under Zonal Disintegration of Rocks

Using the energy approach as the base, the criteria are developed for brittle rock failure in outcropping in the workings driven in the rock masses of different degree of disturbance. A method is presented for estimating the stability of workings under conditions of zonal disintegration.     

Formation of geothermal resources at lithospheric subduction zones

This paper examines in a very broad fashion the formation of geothermal resources at lithospheric subduction zones. Regions of highly silicic calc-alkaline Quaternary volcanoes and/or plutons have been identified as prime candidates for having high-temperature hydrothermal systems. Regions of large tholeiitic Quaternary volcanoes have been identified as prime candidates for having large moderate-temperature hydrothermal systems. In addition, active magmatic, phreatomagnetic, and/or tectonic fracturing must be occurring in order to keep any moderate to high temperature hydrothermal system from chemically sealing. Connate, meteoric and/or oceanic water sources must also be present. Owing to tectonic and magmatic processes, volcanic arcs of subduction zones represent regions of the crust that have anomalously high mechanical and heat energy. Such arc regions are expected to contain significantly more moderate to high temperature hydrothermal systems than what is presently known. Many of these arcs are briefly discussed with respect to their potential for containing such resources.     

Strength, durability and micro-structural aspects of high performance volcanic ash concrete

This paper presents the results of investigations to assess the suitability of using volcanic ash (VA) as a cement replacement material to produce high performance concrete. Tests were conducted on concrete mixtures replacing 0 to 20% by mass of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) by VA. The performance of high performance volcanic ash concrete (HPVAC) mixtures was evaluated by conducting comprehensive series of tests on fresh and hardened properties as well as durability. The mechanical properties were assessed by compressive strength, while durability characteristics were investigated by rapid chloride permeability (RCP), drying shrinkage (DS), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microhardness tests. HPVACs showed better durability properties compared to control concrete with 0% VA. The improved performance of HPVACs was attributed to the refinement of pore structure, and pozzolanic action of VA. HPVAC having a minimum 28-day compressive strength of 60 MPa can be obtained by replacing up to 20% (by mass) of cement by VA. Development of non-expensive and environmentally friendly HPVAC with acceptable strength and durability characteristics (as illustrated in this study) is extremely helpful for the sustainable development and rehabilitation of volcanic disaster areas around the world.     

济阳坳陷沙河街组和孔店组烃源岩地球化学特征

对济阳坳陷沙河街组各个层段的有机质丰度、有机质类型和有机质成熟度进行研究。结果表明：沙三段有机碳含量最高,显示出该段烃源岩品质最好,沙四段次之,孔店组有机碳含量最低,其烃源岩品质最差;沙三、沙四段烃源岩以Ⅰ型干酪根为主,含有少量的Ⅱ型干酪根,孔店组以Ⅲ型干酪根为主;在有机质成熟度方面沙三段、沙四段到孔店组成熟度逐渐增高...     

弱渗透松散和坚硬岩石的渗透性测定方法

固体有害废物安全填埋场基础弱渗透岩石的渗透性,大多数情况下都由实验室和野外方法测定．测定方法的适用性取决于岩石种类、岩体状态和渗透性数量级别．在同一实验段内采用不同的实验方法,一情况下导致产生两个数量级的误差,而更大的不可靠性与使用不同的评价方法有关．因为可靠并可引用的渗透性测定值在废物安全填埋场建设中对地质屏障的评价具有重大意义,如果各地能同时列出科研规划,共同研究对所有可能存在的地质屏障岩石进行全面分析评价,确定不同实验方法之间相关关系,以及使评价方法尽可能统一,是十分必要的     

下寒武统优质烃源岩的地球化学特征与形成机制——以鄂西地区天柱山剖面为例

全球范围下寒武统发育的黑色泥岩是一套重要的优质烃源岩。该套烃源岩分布广,但在不同地区厚度和质量差异大,重建其沉积与发育模式对预测优质烃源岩的分布具有重要意义,并可为页岩气勘探提供指导。通过对鄂西地区天柱山剖面下寒武统烃源岩样品开展有机碳、主量元素、微量元素等地球化学分析测试,探讨古气候、古生产力和古海洋环境等对优质烃源岩形成的控制作用,分析下寒武统优质烃源岩的沉积模式、发育机制以及生物活动和海洋环境变化与优质烃源岩形成的耦合关系,结果表明,天柱山剖面下寒武统优质烃源岩段具有高TOC含量（2.63%~8.76%）、高化学蚀变指数（68~76）和高生物来源Ba （平均含量为1 392×10^-6）的特点,且高度富集氧化-还原敏感元素（Mo、U和V）。V/Cr比值、U/Th比值和V/Sc比值指示天柱山剖面下寒武统的水体经历了从硫化缺氧环境到次氧化环境再到氧化环境的变化,与Mo、U富集因子之比指示的氧化-还原环境变化特征相一致。TOC含量与Al、Si、生物来源Ba含量的相关性表明陆源输入对烃源岩有贡献。δ¹³C的变化反映了海平面升降对生物生存环境有影响。研究认为,鄂西地区早寒武世海水的硫化缺氧和表层海洋生产力高是导致有机质大量埋藏、形成优质烃源岩的关键。     

一种基于缆索的堆石混凝土堆石入仓方式及应用

堆石入仓主要解决的是堆石垂直、水平、上下游方向的三维运输问题,基于安徽大龙潭水库拱坝除险加固工程的应用实例,介绍了一种基于缆索的堆石混凝土堆石入仓方式,包括设备构造和堆石流程。经过对比分析该堆石入仓方式与塔吊堆石入仓方式、长臂挖机堆石入仓方式的运行效率和成本,得出结论:基于缆索的堆石入仓方式适用于不具备自卸汽车入仓条件、工期较长、施工速度要求不高的堆石混凝土施工。     

藏北布若错地区新生代火山岩及其成因探讨

布若错地区新生代火山岩发育两种组合,一是由粗面安山岩、粗面岩、响岩等组成的钾质-超钾质火山岩组合,二是由玄武粗面安山岩、流纹岩组成的双峰式火山岩组合,K-Ar同位素年龄分别为31.5、39.3 Ma.它们都是北羌塘新生火山岩带的组成部分.火山岩具有高碱（K20＋ Na20=6.66％～14.34％）、富钾（3.78％～8.22％,K20/Na2O=1.15 ～5.37）、高∑REE（中基性岩平均值1 161.22×10-6,酸性岩154.19×10-6）,强烈富集LREE（∑LREE/Σ HREE=20.52～40.29）和大离子亲石元素（LILE） Sr、Ba、K、Th、Rb,高场强元素（HFSE） Ta、Nb、P、Ti相对亏损等特征,兼有板内和岛弧火山岩的双重地球化学特性.结合区域地质构造背景研究表明,该火山岩形成于晚侏罗世末一早白垩世早期北羌塘陆内碰撞造山后的拉张环境,为富集地幔或壳-幔混合层发生部分熔融产物,但岩浆向上隆升过程中发生了一定的分离结晶和下地壳部分熔融作用.