The use of bio-diesel based additive as rheology improver and pour point depressant of Nigerian waxy crude

The chemical method has proved to be the most effective mitigating method of wax deposition in petroleum system as it deals with the root cause of wax formation. Most of the commercial chemicals in the industry are very expensive and toxic. This paper aims the use of biodiesel based additives for improving the rheological behavior and pour points of waxy crude from Nigeria field. The biodiesels derived additives gave better performance than the commercial chemical and the seed oils as greatly improvement in rheology and pour point values of the waxy crude were observed     

Physical Stability of Octenyl Succinate–Modified Polysaccharides and Whey Proteins for Potential Use as Bioactive Carriers in Food Systems

The high cost and potential toxicity of biodegradable polymers like poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic)acid (PLGA) has increased the interest in natural and modified biopolymers as bioactive carriers. This study characterized the physical stability (water sorption and state transition behavior) of selected starch and proteins: octenyl succinate–modified depolymerized waxy corn starch (DWxCn), waxy rice starch (DWxRc), phytoglycogen, whey protein concentrate (80%, WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), and α‐lactalbumin (α‐L) to determine their potential as carriers of bioactive compounds under different environmental conditions. After enzyme modification and particle size characterization, glass transition temperature and moisture isotherms were used to characterize the systems. DWxCn and DWxRc had increased water sorption compared to native starch. The level of octenyl succinate anhydrate (OSA) modification (3% and 7%) did not reduce the water sorption of the DWxCn and phytoglycogen samples. The Guggenheim–Andersen–de Boer model indicated that native waxy corn had significantly (P < 0.05) higher water monolayer capacity followed by 3%‐OSA‐modified DWxCn, WPI, 3%‐OSA‐modified DWxRc, α‐L, and native phytoglycogen. WPC had significantly lower water monolayer capacity. All Tg values matched with the solid‐like appearance of the biopolymers. Native polysaccharides and whey proteins had higher glass transition temperature (Tg) values. On the other hand, depolymerized waxy starches at 7%‐OSA modification had a “melted” appearance when exposed to environments with high relative humidity (above 70%) after 10 days at 23 °C. The use of depolymerized and OSA‐modified polysaccharides blended with proteins created more stable blends of biopolymers. Hence, this biopolymer would be suitable for materials exposed to high humidity environments in food applications.     

管内含蜡原油降温过程中的放热问题

利用两种管段和两种原油，进行了降温过程自然对流放热参数的测试和研究。采用滞流点确定降温第二阶段中凝油边界的移动，区分管内的对流区与导热区。由实验数据回归得到适用于含蜡原油降温过程的自然对流放热准则方程式。用该方程式计算的自然对流放热系数值比按无限空间自然对流准则方程式计算值小20％～50％。     

降凝剂对高蜡稠油的改性效果及机理研究

实验研究了工业品原油降凝剂WHP改善含蜡56.9%、其中96.6%为正构烷烃的胜利郑王庄稠油流动性的效果。WHP含乙烯/醋酸乙烯/乙烯醇嵌段聚醚三元共聚物30%-35%。在60℃将WHP加入稠油中,测定其凝点和32℃、0-42.6 s^-1范围5个剪切速率下的黏度,均随WHP加量的增加（50-300 mg/L）而降低,200 mg/L为最佳加量,在该加量下0.32 s^-1黏度由34.16 Pa·s降至79.2 mPa·s,凝点（℃）、屈服值（Pa）、稠度系数（Pa·s^n）分别由49.0、32.42、31.57降至39.5、0.1297、0.02142,流型指数由0.1176升至0.9790。由黏温曲线求出,加入200mg/L WHP使该稠油析蜡点由65℃降至58℃,反常点由70℃降至50℃。根据空白和加剂原油扫描电镜照片显示的蜡晶形态,利用共晶机理分析讨论了WHP这种高分子表面活性剂的降凝、降黏、改善流动性的作用。图3表3参5。     

储层石蜡沉积预测技术研究与应用

在油田开发过程中 ,由于油藏温度、压力等条件的变化 ,高含蜡原油在近井带容易产生石蜡沉积 ,堵塞地层孔隙或裂缝 ,严重影响油田开采 ,尤其对于低渗油田 ,伤害特别严重。文中应用理想溶液理论、质量守恒和能量守恒等基本原理 ,建立更符合油田实际情况的油藏中石蜡沉积预测数学模型 ,开发一套方便实用的油藏中石蜡沉积预测软件系统FPOS1 0。在此基础上 ,应用室内实验数据和现场数据对吉林新民油田油井石蜡沉积情况进行预测和现场拟合 ,确定新民油田临界石蜡沉积半径为 2 5m ,快速、准确地为现场清防蜡措施提供理论依据。     

Gelatinisation Characteristics and Enzyme Susceptibility of Different Types of Barley Starch in the Temperature Range 48–72°C1

The gelatinisation temperatures, pasting characteristics and enzymic susceptibilities in the temperature range 48–72°C of normal, high amylose, low amylose and zero amylose barley starches were determined. Normal starches had the lowest gelatinisation temperatures, but low and zero amylose starches had the lowest pasting temperatures. Normal starches were the most readily soluble in water at 48–60°C in the presence of a mixture of α‐amylase, β‐amylase and limit dextrinase and were most readily broken down to reducing sugars by these enzymes. High amylose starch was the most resistant to enzymic hydrolysis in the temperature range 48–72°C and, hence, produced the lowest level of reducing sugars.     

葡萄花黑帝庙浅层含蜡原油流变性研究

原油含蜡会导致地下原油流动的复杂性,原油在管道运输过程中会堵塞管道.葡萄花黑帝庙浅层油藏是典型的低温含蜡油藏,原油在原始地层温度下已经失去流动性,从原油流变性的角度研究这类油藏的开发,分析原油随温度及剪切速率变化的物性特点,对原油开发方案的编制、原油的集输和分析地下原油渗流机理等提供参考.     

含蜡原油结构抑制机理研究

基于含蜡模拟油加抑制剂GY1前后的特征温度、流变参数、析蜡量及微观结构的实验分析,研究含蜡原油结构抑制机理.结果表明:①抑制剂GY1不能阻止蜡结晶与晶核的形成,反而使析蜡量有所增加;②对于含粗晶蜡的模拟油,抑制剂GY1将阻碍其蜡晶生长,使蜡晶尺寸变小、非对称性增大,进而增强蜡晶颗粒相互作用与连接趋势,宏观表现为降凝与降粘效果差;③对于含微晶蜡的模拟油,抑制剂GY1有助于其蜡晶的聚集生长,使蜡晶尺寸变大、表面结合力降低,进而抑制蜡晶颗粒相互作用与连接趋势,宏观表现为降凝降粘效果显著;④含蜡原油结构抑制的机理就是使蜡晶颗粒聚集变大、提高其对称性、降低其分散度、抑制其相互作用与连接的机理.     

Textural quality of sweet dumpling: effect of germination of waxy rice

Effects of germination on components and structural changes of rice flours and, in turn, rheological properties and textural attributes of sweet dumplings were investigated in this study. Germination decreased starch, protein and lipid content, while slightly increased free amino acids content. Starch granular surface corroded, crystalline structure disrupted, and short-range ordered structures and helical structures decreased with germination. Moreover, germination resulted in a decreased paste viscosity and gel intensity of flour and a reduction of hardness and adhesiveness of dumplings. According to the Pearson’s correlation analysis, flours components and starch structures were significantly correlated with flours rheological properties that determined textural attributes of sweet dumplings. The germination contributed to significant changes in flours components and starch structures, which suggested the pretreatment of germination of waxy rice could be a promising pathway to control textural properties of sweet dumplings.