一种分割法阈下信道构造方案

提出一种利用求解线性方程组分割法阈下信道构造方案。方案将阈下信息分割转化为几个独立的无害的子消息。通过传输这些子消息的签名的方式将阈下信息的各个子消息传给阈下信息的接收方,阈下信息接收方可根据与签名者共享的秘密信息利用Cramer法则提取出阈下信息。     

On the use of calibration sensors in source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements

The accuracy of a source location estimate is very sensitive to the presence of the random noise in the known sensor positions. This paper investigates the use of calibration sensors, each of which is capable of broadcasting calibration signals to other sensors as well as receiving the signals from the source and other calibration sensors, to reduce the loss in the source localization accuracy due to uncertainties in sensor positions. We begin the study with deriving the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for source localization using time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements when a single calibration sensor is available. The obtained CRLB result is then extended to the more general case with multiple calibration sensors. The performance improvement due to the use of calibration sensors is established analytically. We then propose a closed-form algorithm that can explore efficiently the calibration sensors to improve the source localization accuracy when the sensor positions are subject to random errors. We prove analytically that the newly developed localization method attains the CRLB accuracy under some mild approximations. Simulations verify the theoretical developments.     

基于光纤陀螺的残周期正弦拟合快速寻北法

在旋转调制寻北的基础上,提出少于一个旋转周期的快速寻北方法。建立了旋转调制寻北输出模型,介绍了三参数正弦拟合原理并推导出最小二乘估计算法的Cramer-Rao下限,最后设计了光纤陀螺残周期快速寻北实验。实验结果表明,残周期残缺程度越大,寻北时间会越短,北向偏角会越大;实验陀螺应用该方法,1/3个周期寻北精度为0.3°,1个周期寻北精度为0.009°,达到一个周期内快速寻北的目的。     

Japan Flavour and Fragrance Materials Association’s (JFFMA) safety assessment of food-flavouring substances uniquely used in Japan that belong to the class of aliphatic primary alcohols,aldehydes, carboxylic acids,acetals and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups

ABSTRACT

We performed a safety evaluation using the procedure devised by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) of the following four flavouring substances that belong to the class of ‘aliphatic primary alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, acetals, and esters containing additional oxygenated functional groups’ and are uniquely used in Japan: butyl butyrylacetate, ethyl 2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate, 3-hydroxyhexanoic acid and methyl hydroxyacetate. Although no genotoxicity study data were found in the published literature, none of the four substances had chemical structural alerts predicting genotoxicity. All four substances were categorised as class I by using Cramer’s classification. The estimated daily intake of each of the four substances was determined to be 0.007–2.9 μg/person/day by using the maximised survey-derived intake method and based on the annual production data in Japan in 2001, 2005 and 2010, and was determined to be 0.250–600.0 μg/person/day by using the single-portion exposure technique and based on average-use levels in standard portion sizes of flavoured foods. Both of these estimated daily intake ranges were below the threshold of toxicological concern for class I substances, which is 1800 μg/person/day. Although no information from in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies for the four substances was available, these substances were judged to raise no safety concerns at the current levels of intake.     

克莱姆法则在矿料级配设计中的运用

以SMA-13沥青混合料目标配合比设计中对各矿料组成比例的确定为例,详细论述了克莱姆法则在其中的应用,通过克莱姆法则的应用,使计算机试配法有针对性地进行,进而使整个试配过程变得简单明了。     

Localization under anchor node uncertainty for underwater acoustic sensor networks

This paper deals with the problem of sensor node localization in the presence of uncertainty in anchor node location. Aqueous environments are prone to adverse effects of underwater currents. This adversity causes non‐negligible mobility to the anchor nodes deployed under water. Localization in the presence of uncertainty in the anchor node location is quite challenging. Also, the authors consider the ray‐bending property of underwater medium due to depth dependent sound speed, to furnish the accurate position estimate of the target node. Standard ray equations are used to model the path followed by acoustic rays in water. Maximum likelihood estimation is proposed to estimate the location of target node with uncertainty in anchor node positions and is compared with the scheme with exact knowledge of anchor node positions, and the results are reported. Monte Carlo simulation is used to assess the performance of the proposed method. Also, the Cramer‐Rao lower bound with uncertainty in anchor nodes is derived and described. Simulation results of the proposed algorithm outperform the existing algorithm with known anchor location by up to 49.4%, and hence, accuracy is improved in the proposed method.     

Theoretical Limits Analysis of Indoor Positioning System Using Visible Light and Image Sensor

To solve the problem of parameter optimization in image sensor‐based visible light positioning systems, theoretical limits for both the location and the azimuth angle of the image sensor receiver (ISR) are calculated. In the case of a typical indoor scenario, maximum likelihood estimations for both the location and the azimuth angle of the ISR are first deduced. The Cramer‐Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) is then derived, under the condition that the observation values of the image points are affected by white Gaussian noise. For typical parameters of LEDs and image sensors, simulation results show that accurate estimates for both the location and azimuth angle can be achieved, with positioning errors usually on the order of centimeters and azimuth angle errors being less than 1°. The estimation accuracy depends on the focal length of the lens and on the pixel size and frame rate of the ISR, as well as on the number of transmitters used.     

均匀圆阵二维波达角估计的Cramer-Rao界

均匀圆阵(UCA)是一种应用广泛的具有二位波达角估计能力的平面阵列。为了从理论上分析不同阵列参数下到达波方位角(AOA)、仰角估计精度,推导了均匀圆阵二维波达角估计的性能界,以此为基础分析了阵列孔径、阵元个数、快拍数以及来波仰角高低与到达角估计精度的关系,并通过对UCA-MUSIC算法计算机仿真验证了推导结果的正确性。研究结果为波达角估计类算法提供了可供参考的性能下界,圆阵设计时也不再需要大量的Monte Carlo仿真试验确定阵列参数,可直接从估计精度表达式中获得。     

An angle difference of directions arrival algorithm with channel inconsistency

This article proposes a new angle difference of directions arrival (ADOA) estimation algorithm. It can estimate the values of ADOA of incidence signals even under channel incoherence environments. It performs an eigenvalue decomposition of a covariance matrix to obtain signal and noise subspace eigenvectors, then estimates the values of ADOA of signals based on the orthogonality between the noise subspace eigenvectors and steering vectors. Its main advantage is that the performance is not degenerated by array elements channel incoherence. In addition, the system complexity is also reduced. Finally, the numerical simulations have been conducted to verify the performance improvement of this algorithm.