CDMA信号的时频差高精度估计算法

针对多用户CDMA信号的时频域重叠特征,提出了一种新颖的时频差高精度估计方法。该方法结合扩频信号的捕获和解扩操作,以较短的信号样本和较低的计算量,仅两次时间-频率分维迭代实现了用户信号分离和时频差估计,再通过时域和频域内插进一步提高估计精度。仿真结果表明,与直接互模糊函数相关法相比,该方法能够有效提高CDMA信号时频差估计精度,降低计算量。     

On the use of calibration sensors in source localization using TDOA and FDOA measurements

The accuracy of a source location estimate is very sensitive to the presence of the random noise in the known sensor positions. This paper investigates the use of calibration sensors, each of which is capable of broadcasting calibration signals to other sensors as well as receiving the signals from the source and other calibration sensors, to reduce the loss in the source localization accuracy due to uncertainties in sensor positions. We begin the study with deriving the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) for source localization using time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) measurements when a single calibration sensor is available. The obtained CRLB result is then extended to the more general case with multiple calibration sensors. The performance improvement due to the use of calibration sensors is established analytically. We then propose a closed-form algorithm that can explore efficiently the calibration sensors to improve the source localization accuracy when the sensor positions are subject to random errors. We prove analytically that the newly developed localization method attains the CRLB accuracy under some mild approximations. Simulations verify the theoretical developments.     

基于四阶累积量的到达频率差估计算法

研究了基于四阶累积量的到达频率差估计算法,并给出了该算法的离散实现方法。该算法利用高阶累积量的特性,在相关的噪声环境下,对到达频率差作出了精确估计。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

A Joint TDOA/FDOA Lo calization Algorithm Using Bi-iterative Method with Optimal Step Length

In order to improve the estimation accuracy of multi-station joint Time difference of arrive/ Frequency difference of arrive (TDOA/FDOA) location with Bi-Iterative method, a solution for the position of target with Gauss-Newton optimal step length is proposed in this paper. First, get the initial estimation of target based on Two-stage weighted least-squares (TSWLS) algorithm, and then alternately solve the position and velocity of the target with Bi-Iterative method. In this paper, Gauss-Newton method is applied to iteratively solve the target position, including the detailed equations of the descending direction and the optimal iterative step length in each iterative process. Simulations are carried out to examine the algorithm's performance by comparing it with TSWLS method and Gauss-Newton method regardless of the step length. The results show that when Gauss noise variance is small, the estimation accuracy is close to Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the proposed method performs better than the other two methods. In addition, because the model which includes the position and velocity of the observation station and the target is in line with the over-the-horizon reality scene in this paper, our research has certain practical value.     

基于FDOA多星定位精度综合分析

针对多星频差定位系统,建立了频差定位模型。利用矩阵理论和统计信号处理理论,推导了由于频差、卫星自定位和卫星速度测量误差所产生的定位误差几何稀度(GDOP)公式,对其理论分析和仿真表明:地球约束能显著改善定位精度;频差测量误差和卫星位置速度测量误差对系统性能均有影响,但前者影响更大。     

基于静止、准静止双星TDOA／FDOA无源定位算法

针对由静止卫星、准静止卫星构成的无源定位系统，该文研究了利用到达时间差／到达频率差（TDOA／FDOA）联合对地球表面固定辐射源的无源定位算法。与迭代搜索法相比，该算法不需要初值，不用迭代运算，仅仅需要解4次多项式方程，因此该算法更有效。文中推导了定位方程的求解算法，分析了多项式方程的多根情况，并提出了相应的解决办法；最后进行了蒙特卡罗仿真，仿真结果表明该算法具有适应能力强、定位精度高的优点。     

双星时差频差定位体制在频域混叠电磁环境下的应用

现代战场电磁环境复杂,不同类型电磁信号在时频域碰撞混叠,现有常规侦察手段对此类信号的定位应用受到严重制约。双星时差频差定位体制通过互模糊函数求解信号到达时差和频差,分离频域混叠信号并获得高达公里量级的定位精度,非常适合于复杂电磁环境下的应用。通过求解模糊函数的方法分析了时差频差体制对频域混叠信号的分离和定位能力,然后结合美航母编队及其电磁环境构成,探讨了这一能力在监视航母编队,尤其是跟踪识别编队个体成员的具体应用。仿真与分析结果证明了双星时差频差定位体制的优势,对于天基侦察系统的建设具有重要意义。     

双星系统对雷达无源定位的可行性分析

双星无源定位系统对地海面雷达辐射进行定位时,存在脉冲信号频差参数提取的模糊问题。提出了一种基于虚拟双星的双时差粗定位方法,可有效解决频差测量的模糊,再结合时差/频差联合定位方法,分析了双星系统对雷达辐射源无源定位的可行性,给出了一些有用的结论。     

双星时差频差无源定位系统定位算法工程指标分析

通过计算时差、频差测量精度,以及卫星运动引起的时差、频差变化率,提出双星时差频差无源定位系统的信号最佳采样时间为10～ 100 ms.进一步推导了工程可实现的定位精度,仿真结果表明双星系统工程可实现的定位精度约为1～3km.研究和结论对双星定位系统定位精度指标的论证与分解具有借鉴意义.     

一种基于最小二乘准则的方位-多普勒频差联合无源定位新方法

提出了一种方位-多普勒频差(DOA-FDOA)联合定位新算法,该算法多次应用最小二乘准则,借助目标航迹约束条件,并利用多普勒频差信息实现了对运动目标的可靠高精度定位,避免了直接求解非线性方程组。新算法的定位误差逼近CRLB,仿真结果验证了算法的可行性和有效性。