CZ－2CFP离轨方案分析

针对ＣＺ－２Ｃ／ＦＰ（分配器）的离轨要求，对被动和主动两种离轨方案进行计算、分析和比较，最后选择主动离轨方案对ＣＺ－２ＣＦＰ在卫星分离后进行离轨，即在卫星分离后，用箭上姿控喷管将ＦＰ调姿至所需姿态，然后用剩余推进剂离轨，改变ＦＰ的轨道，使近地点高度降低，加快轨道衰减，达到离轨目的。这种主动离轨方案直接利用箭上姿控系统进行离轨，无需重新设计新的离轨系统，从而保持了原系统的简单和可靠并可以节省大量的经费。而且，主动离轨方案可以将ＦＰ同其它在轨飞行物之间的碰撞概率减小两个数量级还多，这对保证卫星的安全有很大的好处。     

Inhibitory Effect of Monoterpenes on Response of Pityogenes bidentatus to Aggregation Pheromone Released by Piezoelectric Sprayer for Precision Release of Semiochemicals

A piezoelectric sprayer for dispensing semiochemicals was developed and used for a field test of bark beetle semiochemicals. The sprayer consists of a geared pump that pushes a syringe slowly to dispense semiochemicals in solvents through a microtube to a glass micropipet fixed to a piezoelectric high-frequency vibrator. The frequency is adjusted via a function generator to about 120 kHz until the harmonic properties of the glass micropipet, drawn by an electrophysiological pipet puller, cause vibrations that atomize the solvent from the micropipet tip. The sprayer, syringe, pump, function generator, and power supply were hung on one arm of a rotating trap pair (traps 6 m apart) that was slowly rotated at 2 revolutions per hour (rph) to even out the position effects on trap catches. The aggregation pheromone components of Pityogenes bidentatus, grandisol and cis-verbenol, were released by standard tube dispensers in one trap and compared to the release of similar amounts by the sprayer in the other trap. No significant differences in catch were observed. No effect of the solvent hexane on aggregation could be observed. The trap pair also caught approximately equal numbers of bark beetles when the baits were identical. The release of (+)and (–)--pinene, (+)-3-carene, and terpinolene, monoterpenes of host Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris, at increasing rates from 0.01 to 10 log-equivalents in decadic steps (each at 0.1–100 g/min) resulted in decreasing responses to aggregation pheromone (only 9% at highest rate). Inhibition by the individual monoterpenes tested at the 100 g/min rate was significant for (+)and (–)--pinene and terpinolene (12, 13, and 15% of control, respectively). The inhibition by the host Scotch pine monoterpenes may allow P. bidentatus to avoid resistant trees that release large amounts of toxic monoterpenes in their resin and instead colonize dying and diseased limbs or slash, the usual host substrate. The piezoelectric sprayer should prove generally useful to dispense precise amounts of semiochemicals in field and laboratory experiments.     

Orientation Disruption of Ctenopseustis herana

Orientation disruption of C. herana was tested using pheromone traps baited with synthetic lures in small plot trials in apple orchards, using polyethylene rope dispensers (100/0.1-ha plot). Dispensers released either (a) 100% (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate (pheromone of C. herana), (b) a blend of 25% (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate and 75% (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate (multiple species disruptant blend), or (c) a blend of 50% (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate and 50% saturated tetradecenyl acetate (pheromone of Planotortrix octo). Blends (a) and (b) were effective at reducing trap catch by up to 100%, but disruption was not achieved with (c). Experiments with lures containing pheromone compared to pheromone plus (Z)-8-tetradecenyl acetate showed reduced attraction to (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate with the addition of (Z)-8 (1:3). These results indicate reduced attraction to lures but not disruption of orientation behavior from background release of this compound and in contrast to the reduced attraction and disruptive effect of the C. herana pheromone (a) on P. octo. Disruption of C. herana using the multiple species disruptant blend (b) deserves further investigation.     

一种防作弊加油机微处理器设计与应用

加油机作弊是石油石化行业的一大痼疾,本文结合加油机功能及结构原理,提出了一种加油机特定微处理器的设计及应用方案,可以有效实现预防加油机作弊的目标。     

基于Bayes方法的航空子母炸弹制导精度分析

针对风修正系列航空子母炸弹的制导精度鉴定问题,根据炸弹的试验投放情况和毁伤机理,讨论了毁伤效能战术指标与制导精度指标之间的关系。在小子样条件下,运用Bayes理论方法,提出了航空子母炸弹的制导精度和布撒均匀度鉴定方案,研究了对Bayes SPRT序贯方法的改进。仿真结果表明：所提出的方案可以减少所需的试验样本量,可以用于小子样条件下航空子母炸弹的精度鉴定问题。     

微波烧结法制备含钪扩散阴极及其发射性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶结合氢还原法制备出Sc均匀掺杂的钨粉,随后采用微波烧结法成功制备出浸渍型含钪扩散阴极。对Sc掺杂钨粉特性、Sc掺杂钨海绵基体微观结构、阴极发射性能和阴极表面活性物质分布进行了分析,结果显示:Sc以Sc2O3的形态均匀分布于平均粒径1μm的钨粉中,海绵体骨架主要由大小均匀的亚微米级准球形颗粒构成,表面孔结构良好,孔分布均匀,平均孔径在0.46μm左右,Sc_2O_3均匀分布于基体之中。电子发射测试结果表明,该阴极950℃b时脉冲偏离点电流密度Jdiv为137.59 A/cm~2,发射斜率1.431。激活后的阴极表面Ba:Sc:O的原子比例为1.8:1:2.2,同时阴极表面存在大量的纳米粒子,对阴极发射有促进作用。     

基于模糊C均值聚类方法的子母弹落点识别

对子母弹落点的随机特点进行了分析,基于模糊C均值聚类方法,分析了一定面积上散布子弹的分布中心及类别,提出了由单个子弹落点特征判断识别该子弹在母弹腔体中所处位置的计算方法,该方法通过了模拟计算,识别效果较明显.     

Quantitative analysis of the effects of ultrasound from an odor sprayer on moth flight behavior

A piezoelectric sprayer was recently developed for precision release of odor stimuli in olfactory research. The device replaces conventional dispensers used to release semiochemicals in studies of moth flight toward odor sources. However, the device generates high-frequency sounds in the range that some moths can hear. Ultrasound from the standard set-up sprayer had a considerable impact on flight behavior of the silver Y moth, Autographa gamma, tested in a flight tunnel. It was affected at all behavioral stages when the dispenser was driven at 120 kHz. Only 5% of the moths reached the source when exposed to 120-kHz sound from the dispenser compared to 65% in the control group without sound. The proportion taking flight was also reduced. Hearing threshold curves obtained electrophysiologically revealed that moths were sensitive to the frequency range at which the sprayer was operated and that sound intensity from the sprayer was up to 40 dB above the moths' electrophysiological hearing threshold. The audiogram for A. gamma was similar to audiograms obtained for other noctuids. Hearing sensitivity was highest at around 15 kHz, where the threshold was 35 dB SPL (sound pressure level). The threshold increased with frequency up to 94 dB SPL at 160 kHz. We improved the sprayer to operate at 300 kHz, which is beyond the hearing ability of most insects with ears. At this high frequency, the moths' sensitivity to ultrasound is reduced considerably, and we did not observe any effect on flight behavior compared to a control group without sound. Accordingly, this new piezoelectric sprayer can be used with ultrasound-sensitive insects and insensitive insects alike.     

基于热负荷变化的后混合饮料机温度控制参数优化整定

介绍后混合饮料机的工作原理,分析CCDX型后混合饮料机温控参数设置的固有缺陷,通过改变糖浆的冷却方式,并利用NTC测得的温度和时间的比值(即升/降温速度)来反映热负荷的变化,从而设定不同的压缩机开/关机温度值.测试结果表明,本文所提的温度参数优化整定方法能有效地解决不能同时满足为了得到合格的饮料所需要的狭窄的温控范围和...