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1.
Dong Liu Xia Ke Zhong-Ce Hu Yu-Guo Zheng 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2021,131(5):518-524
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Lorena Rodríguez-López Myriam Rincón-Fontán Xanel Vecino Ana B. Moldes Jose M. Cruz 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2020,23(1):79-90
Over the last few years, the global biosurfactant market has raised due to the increasing awareness among consumers, for the use of biological or bio-based products. Because of their composition, it can be speculated that these are more biocompatible and more biodegradable than their chemical homologous. However, at the moment, no studies exist in the literature about the biodegradability of biosurfactants. In this work, a biosurfactant contained in a crude extract, obtained from a corn wet-milling industry stream that ferments spontaneously in the presence of lactic acid bacteria, was subjected to a biodegradation study, without addition of external microbial biomass, under different conditions of temperature (5–45 °C), biodegradation time (15–55 days), and pH (5–7). For that, a Box–Behnken factorial design was applied, which allowed to predict the percentage of biodegradation for the biosurfactant contained in the crude extract, between the range of the independent variables selected in the study, obtaining biodegradation values between 3 and 80%. The percentage of biodegradation for the biosurfactant was calculated based on the increase in the surface tension of samples of the crude extract. Furthermore, it was also possible to predict the variation in t1/2 for the biosurfactant (time to achieve the 50% of biodegradation) under different conditions. 相似文献
4.
Beneficial effects of wettability altering surfactants in oil-wet fractured reservoirs 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Subhash C. Ayirala Chandra S. Vijapurapu Dandina N. Rao 《Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering》2006,52(1-4):261
In fractured reservoirs, an effective matrix-fracture mass transfer is required for oil recovery. Surfactants have long been considered for oil recovery enhancement, mainly in terms of their ability to reduce oil–water interfacial tension. These surfactants are effective when the fractured formations are water-wet, where capillary imbibition of surfactants from the fracture into the matrix contributes to oil recovery. However, another beneficial aspect of surfactants, namely their ability to alter wettability, remains to be explored and exploited. Surfactants capable of altering wettability can be especially beneficial in oil-wet fractured formations, where the surfactant in the fracture diffuses into the matrix and alters the wettability, enabling imbibition of even more surfactant into the matrix. This sequential process of initial diffusion followed by imbibition continues well into the matrix yielding significant enhancements in oil recovery.In order to test this hypothesis of sequential diffusion–imbibition phenomenon, Dual-Drop Dual-Crystal (DDDC) contact angle experiments have been conducted using fractured Yates dolomite reservoir fluids, two types of surfactants (nonionic and anionic) and dolomite rock substrates. A new experimental procedure was developed in which crude oil equilibrated with reservoir brine has been exposed to surfactant to simulate the matrix-fracture interactions in fractured reservoirs. This procedure enables the measurements of dynamic contact angles and oil–water interfacial tensions, in addition to providing the visual observations of the dynamic behavior of crude oil trapped in the rock matrix as it encounters the diffusing surfactant from the fractures. Both the measurements and visual observations indicate wettability alterations of the matrix surface from oil-wet to less oil-wet or intermediate wet by the surfactants. Thus this study is of practical importance to oil-wet fractured formations where surfactant-induced wettability alterations can result in significant oil recovery enhancements. In addition, this study has also identified the need to include contact angle term in the dimensionless Bond number formulations for better quantitative interpretation of rock–fluids interactions. 相似文献
5.
Yu Zhao Zhigang Xu Zongshi Li Weihong Qiao Lubai Cheng 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2006,24(7):821-827
Heavy alkyl benzene sulfonates (HABS) were synthesized, and their interfacial tensions were measured and compared with those of petroleum sulfonates ORS-41. Effects of their coupling with lignosulfonate were also studied. The results showed that HABS exhibited good interfacial activities and the system of HABS blending with LS displayed better interfacial activities than ORS-41 and therefore reduced the prime cost. Their best proportions of synergism were from 3:1 to 4:1. HABS might be a more promising alkali-surfactant-polymer (ASP) flooding agent. 相似文献
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一种通用型的目标数据仿真 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
给出了一种通用型的雷达目标模拟器 ,它能够方便直观的产生各种特征的三维目标轨迹 ,可实时离散出目标点迹 ,为雷达数据处理及精度分析提供数据来源。目标轨迹由一组特征点定义 ,修改方便 ,应用灵活 相似文献
8.
提出了一种多跨简支曲线轨道折线梁桥的空间振动分析模型,采用20自由度的梁段单元,可方便考虑T型梁横向与竖向弯曲、自由扭转、约束扭转等变形,选取正交流动坐标,建立了曲线轨道折线梁桥的动力特性矩阵,特别适用于曲线轨道折线梁桥与列车的空间振动分析。在实例研究中,计算了提速列车通过32m曲线轨道折线梁桥时的空间振动响应,并检算该桥是否具有足够的刚度及良好的运营平稳性,可供有关部门参考。 相似文献
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The objective is to have uniformly distributed tangential stresses on the transition profile of a stepped bar subjected to tensile and torsional loading using an axisymmetric boundary element formulation. The transition curve is represented by the Langragian interpolation polynomial with progressive degrees to avoid shape distortion during the optimization procedure. The calculated result is compared with that obtained by fluid dynamics given in the literature. It is seen that the transition curve obtained in this paper is reasonable. 相似文献