基于盖革APD阵列的单通道激光雷达信号读出电路设计

随着测量技术的发展,激光雷达技术成为研究的热点,选取工作在盖革模式下的集成APD阵列雪崩二极管作为激光雷达的光电探测器,在探测距离为100-200m范围内,选择上升沿为5ns的激光脉冲,则接收带宽在70MHz~88MHz范围内,在此范围内APD探测器将接收到的回波信号转化为电信号,用TIA跨阻放大器反向放大模式将电流信号转化为电压信号,并将信号有效放大,输入至时刻鉴别电路,时刻鉴别电路用电压比较器来实现,最终可输出COMS逻辑电平信号;用TINA仿真软件进行仿真,仿真结果表明在接收带宽范围内TIA放大器的增益动态范围达到了54dB,总体电路延迟约为10ns。     

Porous ceramics with tailored pore size and morphology as substrates for coral larval settlement

The growing demand for stony corals as ornamental aquarium animals requires defined aquacultural breeding strategies. For the sexual propagation of corals, material substrates are needed, that attract larvae and support their settlement and development. In this study, five types of highly porous ceramic materials were developed following the example of coral skeleton. The applicability of these settlement substrates was tested using larvae of the stony coral Pocillopora damicornis. Partial sintering of pressed clay pellets, freeze casting of clay and alumina-mullite based slurries and direct foaming of high alkane phase emulsified suspensions (HAPES) using alumina were employed. By the addition of mm-sized spherical polystyrene beads as sacrificial templates during freeze casting (alumina-mullite), superficial pores in the size of the larvae were created. The inorganic substrates featured open porosities between 35% (pressed clay) and 83% (foamed alumina), pore sizes ranging from nm to mm-scale and pore morphologies dominated by interparticle porosity (pressed), lamellar pores (freeze casting) and cellular pore types (direct foaming). The ceramic substrates were incubated in artificial sea water for 3 months to induce necessary biofilm formation and algae growth. Afterwards, individual substrates were exposed to 5 coral larvae, and their settlement behavior was monitored over 14 days. At the end of this period, all ceramic materials were successfully accepted as settlement substrates, with a mean settlement rate of 46.2%, and no significant differences between the substrate types. On samples with large surface superficial pores, a significantly reduced survival of settled larvae (79%) compared to the other porous materials (93–98%) was determined, suggesting a non-ideal surface topography. While alumina foam samples (HAPES) exhibit the most promising results in terms of settlement and survival of larvae, clay-based substrates provide a more economic solution for the sexual propagation of corals in aquaculture.     

基于InGaAs/InP雪崩光电二极管的高速单光子探测器雪崩特性研究

报道了一种基于InGaAs/InP雪崩光电二极管、1.25 GHz正弦波门控及贝塞尔低通滤波器的1.25 GHz高速短波红外单光子探测器.通过调整比较电路的鉴别电平, 实验研究了单光子探测器雪崩信号幅度随反向直流偏压的变化.随着鉴别电平的提高, 单光子探测器的探测效率及暗计数率均呈指数衰减, 而后脉冲概率先增大到一个峰值, 然后减小.研究表明, 为获得更高的性能, 需要尽量降低单光子探测器的鉴别电平.     

碲镉汞红外探测器的前沿技术综述

红外光电探测器件在军事、民用和科学研究方面具有非常重要的应用。而碲镉汞(HgCdTe)由于自身的诸多优点在红外光电探测器的发展中起到了至关重要的作用,至今仍然是重要的战略战术应用中首选的材料体系。首先分析了针对新一代红外探测器所提出的SWaP3(Size,Weight,and Power,Performance and Price)概念,然后简略介绍了第三代红外焦平面研究背景下HgCdTe薄膜的衬底水平与材料生长情况,最后总结了大规模阵列器件、甚长波红外器件、高工作温度(High Operating Temperature,HOT)器件、超光谱探测器件、双色器件以及雪崩光电器件等前沿技术方面的研究进展。     

SAGCM-APD增益影响因子分析与优化

应用二维漂移扩散模型研究具有分立吸收层、渐变层、电荷层和倍增层结构(SAGCM)的InGaAsP-InP雪崩光电探测器(APD),仿真分析了不同电荷层、倍增层厚度和掺杂浓度对电场分布、电流响应及击穿电压的影响,特别是参数变量对增益计算模型的影响,载流子传输过程的时间依赖关系和倍增层中所处位置的影响,仿真结果表明:较高掺杂浓度和较薄电荷层结构可以改变器件内部的电场分布,进而提高增益值.当入射光波长为1.55μm,光功率为500 W/m2时,光电流响应量级在10-2A;阈值电压降低到10V以下,击穿电压为42.6V时,器件倍增增益值大于100.     

光纤传感系统中APD增益温漂的动态补偿研究

为实现对雪崩光电二极管(APD)增益温漂的动态偏压补偿, 设计了高精度的ADC和DAC电路系统,对APD可以达到毫伏级的偏压控制精度和0.2 ℃的温度采样精度.依托光纤传感系统并运用数据采集与处理技术获得了在APD增益比较稳定的条件下其偏压与温度之间的线性关系以及增益温漂误差的偏压补偿公式,应用时传感系统能够实时补偿增益的温漂并且具有足以满足系统要求的补偿精度.     

基于盖革模式APD阵列的非扫描激光三维成像雷达研究综述

基于盖革模式APD阵列的非扫描激光三维成像雷达发射单个脉冲即能同时获得目标的二维信息和距离信息,在军事和民用方面都有重要应用.首先简要介绍了非扫描激光三维成像雷达的优点及采用盖革模式APD阵列的优势,然后介绍了单个APD器件的工作原理及基于APD阵列的激光三维成像的工作原理,综述了国内外以盖革模式APD阵列作为探测器的激光三维成像雷达发展现状,最后总结归纳了基于盖革模式APD阵列的激光三维成像雷达的发展趋势,分析了我国未来的发展方向.     

用于微光探测的高灵敏度接收机设计

详细分析了光接收机噪声源及噪声模型,研究了其系统组成与电路设计问题,提出了可用于微光探测系统的接收机设计方案。选用合适的器件,采用低噪声电路设计方法,制作了实际光接收机电路,并进行了相应实验测试。结果表明,该设计方案可以满足实际微光探测要求,对应用于不同系统的高灵敏度光接收机设计具有较强的参考价值。     

基于APD的“猫眼”目标主动探测系统信噪比分析

信噪比是表征激光主动探测系统性能的重要指标,通过分析雪崩光电二极管(APD)的噪声来源和离焦“猫眼”目标回波功率,建立了APD探测器的信噪比模型,分析了离焦量、目标距离、激光发散角对APD探测器信噪比的影响,并进行了数值模拟分析,结果表明:离焦量的增大会引起“猫眼”目标回波功率变小,进而使APD探测器信噪比减小;“猫眼...     

基于硅雪崩光电二极管的双光子吸收实验

研究了硅雪崩光电二极管(APD)对光通信波段近红外光子在不同频率、强度,以及APD 不同偏压下的双光子吸收效应(TPA)。通过实验详细测量了光频率从186.3 THz 到196.1 THz 变化时APD的TPA 效率,结果表明:随着入射光频率的不断增加,TPA 效率呈现出先增大、后减小的规律,并且在190.5 THz 附近达到最优效率。此外,在实验中观察到,随着入射光强的增大,TPA 效率也呈现出先增大、后减小的现象(此实验中的峰值光强度约10 mW)。