An IR study on ion-specific and solvent-specific swelling of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) gel

Swelling degrees of poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) gel were measured in aqueous salt solutions and in water/organic solvent mixtures to find marked ion- and solvent-specificities. In order to investigate any correlation of those specificities with hydration or solvation of PVP, IR spectra band of the CO group was monitored by means of ATR method both for PVP gel and the relevant solution systems. Dependence of the peak frequency on the swelling ratio suggested that hydration of PVP carbonyl group in deswollen gel systems is different from that in the corresponding solution systems. In the solution systems, PVP carbonyl band showed a high-wavenumber shift for deswollen systems, which can be well correlated with changes in water proton charge through ionic hydration and with Gutmann's acceptor number of organic solvents. In the deswollen gel systems, the CO band showed a low-wavenumber shift, suggesting a strong hydration or doubly hydrated state. This unexpected behavior was interpreted by assuming an intermolecular hydrogen bond of two carbonyl groups intermediated by water molecules.     

A study of the passive films on chromium by capacitance measurement

Using capacitance measurement and Mott-Schottky analysis, the semiconducting properties of passive films formed on chromium within the passive potential range under different conditions were investigated. The study reveals a p-type behavior of the passive layers. Two semiconductive parameters, i.e., the acceptor density (N_A) and the flatband potential (E_FB), which are mainly related to composition and surface charges of the passive films, have been measured. The effect of film formation potential, passivation time, pH and composition of solutions on the parameters are discussed. N_A increases either with lowering film formation potentials or with prolonging passivation times. This is attributed to the transformation of a less hydrated oxide film into a more hydrated form. The changes of E_FB are discussed as a function of adsorptive anions and pH values of electrolyte solution.     

温控烧结法制备高温PTCR陶瓷

本实验以固相合成的(Ba_(0.6)Pb_(0.4))TiO_3为主要原料,在较宽的温度范围内(1280—1360℃)制得了Tc>320℃、室温电阻率低达几十Ω·cm、升阻差在五个数量级以上的PTCR材料。实验结果得出:采用高温快速升温、从烧结温度快速降温至某一温度并保温一段时间的温控烧结方法(TCS),有利于提高材料的性能。     

未掺杂半绝缘GaAs中受主及电中性EL2分布的研究

测量了未掺杂半绝缘（ＳＩ）ＬＥＣＧａＡｓ中总的、电中性的ＥＬ２及净受主浓度分布和碳分布。结果表明，总ＥＬ２浓度径向分布呈Ｗ形而不是均匀的，净受主浓度径向分布呈∧形或∩形而不是Ｍ形。电中性ＥＬ２的Ｗ形径向分布由总ＥＬ２浓度的Ｗ形径向分布决定，而不是由于净受主的不均匀分布。有些样品中净受主浓度远大于碳浓度．意味着这些样品中除碳外还存在高浓度的其它受主。     

Characterization and photoluminescence studies on hydrothermally synthesized Mn-doped barium titanate nano powders

Manganese doped cubic barium titanate nanocrystals with [Mn/Ti] mole percent varying from 0.1 to 3 were prepared through hydrothermal route at 150 °C. The mean crystallite diameters obtained for different Mn concentrations varied within 26 to 30 nm. TEM of a typical sample showed most of the particles as single crystallites (particle size 15-40 nm) with some weakly agglomerated particles. The photo luminescent (PL) spectra of each sample showed a sharp peak in the blue band centered approximately at 464 nm and a weaker peak in the green band centered nearly at 494 nm. The luminescent efficiency passed through maxima for the sample with 2% [Mn/Ti] molar ratio. Effect of calcination temperature in the range of 200 to 600 °C on PL spectra showed that the intensity of peak corresponding to blue region decreased with the increase in calcination temperature from 200 to 600 °C and for the sample calcined at 600 °C, only a broad peak corresponding to green luminescence region was observed.     

Discharge Characteristics of Polydisperse Powders through Conical Hoppers. Part 2: Predictions for Coarse,Granular, Free Flowing Powders

Abstract

The tribo/contact electrification theory of materials is envisaged from the chemical Lewis acid-base concept and an attempt has been made to find a correlation between these two phenomena. The donor-acceptor/acid-base properties of apatite, calcite, feldspar, quartz and wollastonite mineral samples have been determined by electrokinetic studies in water and in different organic solvents having different donicity values. From the results, the donicity values for mineral samples were defined and the position of Fermi level in the forbidden gap energy was estimated. The charge acquired by a single mineral particle of varying sizes was determined after contacting with plate and cyclone type tribochargers made up of different materials. The work functions of the mineral samples were estimated.

The results showed a good correlation between the physical tribo-electrification process and the chemical acceptor-donor property of the minerals. The results also demonstrate the feasibility of arranging the minerals into triboelectric series and thereby to predict their triboelectric charge characteristics and their separation behavior in an electric field with reference to a particular tribocharger medium.     

DETERMINATION OF TOTAL EL2 AND NET ACCEPTOR CONCENTRATION IN UNDOPED SI GaAs BY MULTI-WAVELENGTH INFRARED ABSORPTION METHOD

Total EL2 concentration distribution and net acceptor concentration distribution in uncloped semi-insulating(SI) LEC GaAs have been measured by multi-wavelength infrared absorption method. The experimental results indicate that total EL2 concentration radial distribution is W-shaped and net acceptor concentration radial distribution is sample-dependent, it can present a n shape, a A shape, or a W shape corresponding to different samples.