Study of metal assisted anisotropic chemical etching of silicon for high aspect ratio in crystalline silicon solar cells

Textured surface is commonly used to enhance the efficiency of silicon solar cells by reducing the overall reflectance and improving the light scattering. In this study, a comparison between isotropic and anisotropic etching methods was investigated. The deep funnel shaped structures with high aspect ratio are proposed for better light trapping with low reflectance in crystalline silicon solar cells. The anisotropic metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) was used to form the funnel shaped structures with various aspect ratios. The funnel shaped structures showed an average reflectance of 14.75% while it was 15.77% for the pillar shaped structures. The average reflectance was further reduced to 9.49% using deep funnel shaped structures with an aspect ratio of 1:1.18. The deep funnel shaped structures with high aspect ratios can be employed for high performance of crystalline silicon solar cells.     

A new method of characterization for stratified thermal energy stores

A new method for characterization of stratified thermal energy stores (TES) that integrates both the first law and the second law concerns is presented here. The first law concern is incorporated into a quantity called energy response factor and the second law concern into an entropy generation ratio. A product of these two quantities is at the heart of the TES efficiency definitions. This approach removes the overemphasis of the existing methods either on the first or the second law of thermodynamics which often biases the characterization results. The information about the evolution of the temperature field of the system in time is the prerequisite of the new method. It may be obtained from experiments or from suitable numerical simulations. The current method can be easily integrated into computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations and thus facilitate CFD-based design analysis. As an example of such CFD-integrated analysis, a large-scale hot water seasonal heat store is numerically studied to identify the effects of aspect ratio, containment shape, internal structures, and containment size on their efficiency. The results suggest the effectiveness of the new method in deriving useful design insights.     

Heat loss and thermoelectric generator design

With the object of evaluating its importance to thermoelectric generator design, heat loss is introduced into the standard thermoelectric generator design theory. The theory for both the constant hot and cold junction temperatures model and the constant heat input model are so modified. The modification is first order and, therefore, is limited to small leg heat-transfer coefficients. Numerical results using representative properties show that significant differences can exist between the optimum geometry and performance of a generator idealized as lossless and those of a generator designed by the modified theory. The largest differences occur with the constant heat input model.     

Characterization of polyisoprene-clay nanocomposites prepared by solution blending

The effects of clay dispersion and the interactions between clays and polymer chains on the viscoelastic properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites are investigated using oscillatory shear rheology, X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Four different montmorillonite silicates of natural clays, plasma-treated clays, and organically modified clays (OCs) have been used in this study. For the polyisoprene (PI)/clay nanocomposites, the exfoliation of the OC dispersed in the PI matrix is confirmed with XRD and SAXS although TEM images show both exfoliated and non-exfoliated nanoclay sheets. In contrast aggregation or intercalation is obtained for the other PI/clay composites studied here. Additionally, the effective maximum volume packing fraction of OC for the exfoliated nanocomposites is determined from the overlapping of dynamic viscosity at low frequency regime, in which the effective maximum volume packing fraction is larger than the percolation threshold determined from the storage modulus of the nanocomposites.     

基于AOP技术的通用线程监控平台GTMP*

提出并实现了基于AOP技术的通用线程监控平台。借助AOP的需求空间分离实现技术,使用该平台的原系统不必事先具有监控能力,该平台可以在不手动改变系统源代码的情况下通过工具自动植入系统内部,为系统注入监控功能,实现对运行线程信息的监视和对指定线程运行速度的变换,实现对整个系统运行行为的控制。     

基于消息截获的构件和Aspect组合框架

针对提供的横切属性服务比较固定的问题,结合构件的软件开发和面向Aspect的软件开发,描述了构件和Aspect的组合关系,在此基础上提出了构件和Aspect的组合框架.该框架相对于使用容器技术而言,不再局限于要提前预置Aspect,从而使构件和Aspect能够动态的组合.     

面向方面技术在Web服务安全组合中的应用研究

Web服务作为一种通过网络集成分布式异构应用的技术,它提供了一种松散耦合的软件开发模式,实现了粗粒度的软件重用。随着Web服务技术的深入应用,Web服务组合的概念应运而生,它通过将功能相对单一的多个Web服务按照一定粒度进行组合,可提供更为强大的服务功能。由于来自异构环境的不同Web服务实体间安全需求、安全能力、可信任程度间的差异,使得对Web服务组合安全性的研究成为了关注的重点。简述了Web服务组合的主要实现方式,指出了Web服务组合实现中面临的主要安全问题,重点分析了目前面向方面技术在Web服务安全组合实现中的应用,讨论了其实现上的不足及未来的研究动向。     

Effect of aspect ratio on convection in a porous enclosure with partially active thermal walls

The aim of the present numerical investigation is to understand the effect of aspect ratio and partially thermally active zones on convective flow and heat transfer in a rectangular porous enclosure. Five different heating and cooling zones are considered along the vertical walls while the remaining portions of the sidewalls and top and bottom of the enclosure are adiabatic. The Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy model is used in the study. The governing equations are solved by the finite volume method with the SIMPLE algorithm. The computations are carried out for a wide range of parameters and the results are presented graphically. The results reveal that the location of heating and cooling zones has a significant influence on the flow pattern and the corresponding heat transfer in the enclosure. The rate of heat transfer approaches to a constant value for very low values of the Darcy number. The heat transfer rate is decreased on increasing the aspect ratio.     

Distributed evolutionary multi-objective mesh-partitioning algorithm for parallel finite element computations

Majority of the mesh-partitioning algorithms attempt to optimise the interprocessor communications, while balancing the computational load among the processors. However, it is desirable to simultaneously optimise the submesh aspect ratios in order to significantly improve the convergence characteristics of the domain decomposition based Preconditioned-conjugate-gradient algorithms, being used extensively in the state-of-the-art parallel finite element codes. Keeping this in view, a new distributed multi-objective mesh-partitioning algorithm using evolutionary computing techniques is proposed in this paper. Effectiveness of the proposed distributed mesh-partitioning algorithm is demonstrated by solving several unstructured meshes of practical-engineering problems and also benchmark problems.