斜光格子中玻色－爱因斯坦凝聚的Melnikov混沌控制

研究了斜光格子中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的混沌特征,利用直接微扰法获得了Gross-Pitaevskii方程的微扰解。理论解析表明:这个微扰解是混沌解,因为它满足Melnikov混沌判据,此结果意味该系统存在混沌行为,而相应的数值模拟结果印证了其理论结果。然而,系统的混沌可以通过调节系统参数或改变初始条件加以控制,由此表明,系统参数或初始条件在控制混沌中扮演了非常重要的角色。     

双势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统不动点分析

在准经典理论下,研究双势阱中的两组分玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚系统的动力学属性。利用平均场近似写出该量子系统的经典哈密顿量,通过数值及线性化分析,找到系统的对称型、反对称型、各向同性型及非对称型共四类不动点。分别讨论两种特殊模式下的不动点数目的变化情况和稳定性,发现两种模式出现不动点数目的上下限,且两种模式下不动点的稳定性与对应系数矩的阵特征值有关。     

A quantum mechanical model of consciousness and the emergence of ‘I’

There have been suggestions that the unity of consciousness may be related to the kind of holism depicted only in quantum physics. This argument will be clarified and strengthened. It requires the brain to contain a quantum system with the right properties — a Bose-Einstein condensate. It probably does contain one such system, as both theory and experiment have indicated. In fact, we cannot pay full attention to a quantum whole and its parts simultaneously, though we may oscillate between the two. In a quantum theory of consciousness, emergent meanings arise as an inevitable consequence of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.     

二分量BEC原子数密度在射频场作用下的崩塌与复苏现象

研究射频场频率对二分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)原子数密度长时间演化特性的影响,研究结果显示当射频场频率较小而时间较长时BEC第二分量原子数密度的演化呈现出量子力学中典型的崩塌与复苏现象;原子数密度在更长时间的动力学行为中,若射频场频率增大,则呈现出崩塌与复苏现象的原子数密度震荡曲线整体逐渐下降.     

One-Dimensional Phonon State of 4He Films Adsorbed in Straight Nanopores

We have studied heat capacities of ⁴He adsorbed in straight nanopores 1.8, 2.2, and 2.8 nm in diameter. Heat capacities of the ⁴He fluid film on the solid layer at 0.08–0.4 K show power laws close to T in 1.8 nm pores, close to T ² in 2.8 nm pores, and a crossover from T to T ² with increasing temperature in 2.2 nm pores. These heat capacities are explained by a model assuming a phonon dispersion with continuous one-dimensional (1D) states in the axial direction and discrete energy levels in the azimuthal direction. By fitting experimental data to the model, the phonon velocity along the pore axis and the energy gap for propagation in the cross section are derived. At temperatures sufficiently lower than the energy gap, where the thermal wave length of phonons is much longer than the effective pore diameter, the ⁴He fluid films show a T-linear heat capacity of 1D phonons propagating only along the pore axis. At higher temperatures, a 1D-2D crossover of phonons occurs.      

Bose-Einstein Condensation of Magnons in Superfluid 3He

The possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation of excitations has been discussed for a long time. The phenomenon of the phase-coherent precession of magnetization in superfluid ³He and the related effects of spin superfluidity are based on the true Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons. Several different states of coherent precession has been observed in ³He-B: homogeneously precessing domain (HPD); persistent signal formed by Q-balls at very low temperatures; coherent precession with fractional magnetization; and a mode of the coherent precession in compressed aerogel. The coherent precession has been also found in ³He-A in compressed aerogel. Here we demonstrate that all these cases are examples of a Bose-Einstein condensation of magnons, with the magnon interaction term in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation being provided by different types of spin-orbit coupling in the background of the coherent precession.      

非线性空间调制对两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚孤子演化的影响

考虑具有谐振势的两分量玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）中的亮孤子,采用数值模拟方法研究了非线性空间调制对线性耦合两分量BEC中的孤子演化的影响。结果表明,s-波散射长度的空间变化改变了孤子的密度包络;在合适的初始条件下,可以存在稳定的孤子态;孤子的演化依赖于非线性空间调制系数的符号和大小。     

利用受激拉曼跃迁制备原子－光子的杂化纠缠态

提出了一种利用玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中三能级原子与一束较弱的相干态探测光和一束较强的经典耦合光相互作用产生受激拉曼跃迁制备原子－光子杂化纠缠态的理论方案。研究了探测光场与原子间的相互作用强度、双光子失谐量和处在基态的原子间的相互作用强度对制备杂化纠缠态的影响。结果表明,通过增加探测光场与原子间的相互作用强度或减小双光子失谐量,能够更快地制备纠缠程度更高的原子－光子杂化纠缠态。     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的量子操控

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）是当前原子分子物理的一个国际前沿课题。自从1995年在激光冷却的基础上实现玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）以后,全世界已有几十个研究小组成功地获得了BEC,并取得了一批引人注目的成果。研究玻色凝聚体的动量操控是超冷量子气体研究的重要研究方向,北京大学研究小组于2004年在实验上获得铷原子玻色凝聚以来,在玻色凝聚体的超辐射散射方面作了一系列研究工作,本文主要介绍该研究组近五年来利用超辐射散射在铷原子玻色凝聚动量操控方面的研究工作。     

Zero-Temperature,Mean-Field Theory of Atomic Bose-Einstein Condensates

We review the application of zero-temperature, mean-field theory to current experimental atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. We assess the validity of the approximations made by comparing the mean-field results with a variety of experimental data.