Clozapine Increases Nestin Concentration in the Adult Male Rat Hippocampus: A Preliminary Study

Patients with schizophrenia, and rodent models of the disease, both exhibit suppressed neurogenesis, with antipsychotics possibly enhancing neurogenesis in pre-clinical models. Nestin, a cytoskeletal protein, is implicated in neuronal differentiation and adult neurogenesis. We hypothesized that schizophrenia pathogenesis involves nestin downregulation; however, few studies have related nestin to schizophrenia. We assessed nestin protein concentration, prepulse inhibition (PPI), and social interaction in the MK-801 model of schizophrenia, with or without antipsychotic (clozapine) treatment. Adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered saline or MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) to produce a schizophrenia-like phenotype, with concomitant subcutaneous injections of vehicle or clozapine (5 mg/kg). PPI was assessed on days 1, 8, and 15, and social interaction was assessed on day 4. Hippocampus tissue samples were dissected for Western blotting of nestin concentration. MK-801 alone did not alter nestin concentration, while clozapine alone enhanced hippocampal nestin concentration; this effect was not apparent in animals with MK-801 and clozapine co-administration. MK-801 also produced schizophrenia-like PPI disruptions, some of which were reversed by clozapine. Social interaction deficits were not detected in this model. This is the first report of clozapine-induced enhancements of hippocampal nestin concentration that might be mediated by NMDA receptors. Future studies will explore the impact of neurodevelopmental nestin concentration on symptom onset and antipsychotic treatment.     

低掺量建筑801胶改性水泥混凝土的性能研究

测定了不同胶灰比的建筑801胶改性水泥混凝土的物理力学性能,确定了其最佳胶灰比.掺入建筑801胶后,混凝土的抗折强度明显提高,弹性模量减小,变形能力增强,脆性降低,韧性增加,其力学性能得到了明显提高.     

NMDA receptor antagonism impairs reversal learning in developing rats.

Four experiments examined the effect of dizocilpine maleate (MK-801), a noncompetitive N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, on reversal learning during development. On postnatal days (PND) 21, 26, or 30, rats were trained on spatial discrimination and reversal in a T-maze. When MK-801 was administered (intraperitoneally) before both acquisition and reversal, 0.18 mg/kg generally impaired performance, whereas doses of 0.06 mg/kg and 0.10 mg/kg, but not 0.03 mg/kg, selectively impaired reversal learning (Experiments 1 and 3). The selective effect on reversal was not a result of sensitization to the second dose of MK-801 (Experiment 2) and was observed when the drug was administered only during reversal in an experiment addressing state-dependent learning (Experiment 4). Spatial reversal learning is more sensitive to NMDA-receptor antagonism than is acquisition. No age differences in sensitivity to MK-801 were found between PND 21 and 30. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social contacts and production of 50-kHz short ultrasonic calls in adult rats.

The goal of the study was to provide evidence that the production of 50-kHz calls by adult rats is driven by potential or direct social contacts. The calls have been studied during daily visits to a cage by single or paired rats. Repeated exposure of rats to the cage frequently visited by other rats or direct contact between rats significantly increased the number of 50-kHz calls. The increase in production of 50-kHz calls was reduced by 78% after intrapreoptic-anterior hypothalamic injection of MK-801, an N-methyl-D-aspartate-type glutamate receptor antagonist. Calls emitted in all situations had a similar acoustic profile. It was found that 50-kHz calls were produced in anticipation of, and/or during, direct social contacts among adult rats and were predominantly initiated by olfactory stimuli. The calls seem to express an appetitive behavioral state in which the central glutamatergic mechanism is implicated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

大电流锂离子电池充电器管理系统SC801及其应用

介绍了Semtech公司最近推出的SC801单节Li 电池恒流/恒压充电器系统的主要性能和特点 ,给出了由SC801组成的用电阻分压器设定输出电压的充电器电路。同时对其预充电、快速充电及充电终止的设定方法进行了说明     

优化操作提高挤压机EX801的运行周期

介绍了齐鲁聚丙烯挤压机的结构原理,并详细阐述了挤压造粒性能与相关工艺控制参数的关系。通过优化操作,调整挤压机的转速、间隙、温度、功率等,使挤压机EX801具有良好的混炼与造粒性能,并提高了运行周期。     

地佐环平诱导的精神分裂症发育模型大鼠脑组织去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺及代谢产物的浓度变化

目的: 通过对地佐环平(MK-801)诱导的精神分裂症(Schizophrenia, SZ)发育和慢性给药模型大鼠脑组织去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine, NE)和5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT)及相关代谢产物浓度的比较研究,探讨围产期N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(N-methyl-D-aspartate, NMDA)受体阻断致SZ的神经生化机制。 方法: 24只新生雄性SD大鼠于出生后 6 d 随机分为SZ发育模型组(MK-801F)、SZ慢性给药模型组(MK-801M)和正常对照组(Control);SZ发育模型大鼠于出生后7～10 d 皮下注射MK-801(0.1 mg/kg,bid),SZ慢性给药模型大鼠于出生后47～60 d 腹腔注射MK-801(0.2 mg/kg,qd),对照组大鼠于相应时段注射 0.9%的生理盐水(Normal saline,NS)。出生后 63 d 取各组大鼠大脑内侧前额叶皮质(medial prefrontal cortex , mPFC)和海马组织并匀浆,以高效液相色谱-库仑阵列电化学法检测组织匀浆中的NE、甲氧基羟基苯乙二醇(Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol, MHPG)、5-HT和5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-HIAA),并计算分析NE和5-HT的利用率。 结果: SZ慢性给药模型大鼠mPFC区NE和5-HT浓度较对照组和SZ发育模型组显著升高(P<0.01 或 0.05),两模型组大鼠mPFC区5-HIAA浓度较对照组显著升高(P<0.01 或 0.05);与对照组和SZ慢性给药模型组比较,SZ发育模型大鼠海马MHPG浓度和MHPG/NE比值显著升高(P<0.05),5-HT和5-HIAA浓度显著降低(P<0.01 或 0.05)。 结论: 围产期MK-801重复处理诱导的SZ发育模型大鼠mPFC区和海马5-HT能递质系统功能减退,海马NE能递质系统功能减退。     

NMDA receptor involvement in spatial delayed alternation in developing rats.

Two experiments examined the effect of the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, dizocilpine maleate (MK-801), on spatial working memory during development. Rats were trained on spatial delayed alternation (SDA) in a T-maze after ip administration of 0.06 mg/kg MK-801, 0.1 mg/kg MK-801, or saline on postnatal days (P) P23 and P33 (Experiment 1), or following bilateral intrahippocampal administration of 2.5 or 5.0 υg per side MK-801 or saline on P26 (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, MK-801 dose-dependently impaired SDA learning at both ages. Because the same doses of systemic MK-801 have no effect on T-maze position discrimination learning, impairment of SDA by MK-801 likely reflects disruption of spatial working memory. Both doses of MK-801 abolished acquisition of SDA performance in Experiment 2. Disruption of hippocampal plasticity may account for the effects produced by systemic MK-801 administration. These results confirm and extend earlier lesion studies by implicating plasticity of hippocampal neurons in the ontogeny of spatial delayed alternation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Simultaneous solvent extraction of cobalt and magnesium in the presence of nickel from sulfate solutions by Ionquest 801

The simultaneous extraction of Co(II) and Mg(II) from nickel sulfate solutions has been carried out using the organophosphonic extractant Ionquest 801 diluted in Exxsol D‐80. Statistical design and analysis of experiments were used in order to determine the main effects and interactions of the solvent extraction parameters, which were the extraction pH at equilibrium, the temperature, the extractant concentration and the organic/aqueous phase ratio. A statistically designed experiment was also carried out to study the stripping of the Ionquest 801 organic phase loaded with cobalt and magnesium by sulfuric acid solution. The number of stages required for both extraction and stripping processes of cobalt and magnesium was evaluated. The results of continuous counter‐current mini‐plant tests demonstrated the simultaneous recovery of cobalt and magnesium from nickel sulfate solution. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

A Sense of Purpose: Mathematics and Performance in Environmental Design

Mathematics in design is most often associated with its visual manifestation in geometrical surfaces and elements. The finely tuned ambient qualities of a space, necessary for environmental performance, may not be so apparent, but can involve the application of many branches of mathematics. Martha Tsigkari, Adam Davis and Francis Aish of Foster + Partners' Specialist Modelling Group bring this to the fore by describing how at Al Raha Beach development in Abu Dhabi and the City of Justice in Madrid environmental considerations were interpreted through analytical numerical data. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.