浅谈新一代光盘存储技术HD DVD和Blu-ray Disc

本文对DVD的替代者HDDVD和Blu—ray Disc作一技术介绍，并对它们的优劣进行了分析。     

DVD视盘机的电磁骚扰抑制

本文讨论对DVD视盘机的电磁骚扰的抑制，使其电磁骚扰水平符合有关标准的要求，不成为新的电磁环境中的污染源。     

Income, Time Effects and Direct Preferences in a Multimodal Choice Context: Application of Mixed RP/SP Models with Non-Linear Utilities

Transport problems typically involve at least two types of constraints, on income and on time. Therefore, the indirect utility function depends either on the income available after having subtracted the cost of the discrete alternative and on the free time left after having worked and travelled by each competing option. In the typical linear-in-the-attributes and in-the-parameters specification, that represents the first grade approximation of the indirect utility function, the effect of income and time constraints cancel out and only the cost and time of the alternatives matter in the comparison between them. From a microeconomic point of view this is equivalent to assume that income and time effects could be disregarded; which is not always the case. To account for these effects the utility function should include second order attributes; however, in non-linear utility functions it may not be easy to distinguish among several effects that could be relevant: direct preferences for good and leisure, and simple interactions between attributes other than income and time effects. This paper analyses these effects from a theoretical point of view focusing on the possible confounding problem in detecting income and time effects. We use a dataset collected for a modal choice context and containing both revealed and stated preference data, and estimate several NL models examining the effect of the different second-order terms on detecting income and time effects. We compared specifications including square cost and time attributes, interactions between time and cost, cost divided by the income available to be spent on free time, and time multiplied by free time. Our results confirm the strong effect of direct preferences for goods and leisure time on choice, and the potential confounding effect between quadratic attributes and other non-linear omitted terms. Finally, we also found that care should be taken in highlighting income and time effects using mixed data sources, since confounding effects can occur when non-linearities are accounted for in both data sets.     

Rapid Prototyping and Tooling of Custom-Made Tracheobronchial Stents

Rapid prototyping (RP) and rapid tooling (RT) techniques can be applied to the field of medicine primarily because of their ability to produce customised profiles and geometries in relatively short lead times. In this paper, the process by which these techniques can be applied for the production of customised tracheobronchial stents for the purpose of maintaining patency in an occluded respiratory tract is described. A comparison of RP systems was carried out to establish the preferred RP method to produce the master model. The vacuum casting RT process was then used to produce the stent.     

纳米三坐标测量机模拟接触式探头的标定

三坐标测量机的高精度模拟接触式探头在计算探头球尖位移与传感器输出的关系时需要空间坐标转换模型与标定参数。标定方法基于自己研发的模拟接触式探头,该探头由带有光纤球头的的金属丝悬浮机构,二维角度传感器,小型迈克尔逊干涉仪组成。通过空间坐标转换,矩阵计算模型和标定实验的建立,重点描述了一种特定的标定方法与标定了模型的未知参数。实验结果表明三坐标测量机在x、y、z三方向上测量的标定值与实际值的位移误差的标准差小于30 nm,证明该方法具有一定的可行性与有效性。     

基于CAD/CAE/CAM/RP的复杂陶瓷产品快速制造技术

针对目前手工方式的卫生洁具等复杂陶瓷产品的研发过程,借鉴CAD/CAE/CAM/RP技术在其它制造行业中应用的成功经验,将这些先进制造技术应用于卫生洁具等复杂陶瓷产品的研发中;CAD用于设计产品和模具的模型,CAE用于模拟洁具冲水过程和分析冲水性能,RP用于制作洁具产品的原型,CAM用于加工试用石膏工作模具。就这些技术的应用提出了两种主要方案,并分析了各自的特点。经过实际应用表明:先进制造技术的应用能大大缩短产品研发周期、提高产品质量、降低开发成本。     

强化两相混合的超临界技术制备聚乳酸微粒

针对商品化聚乳酸微球粒径分布较宽难于适用气溶胶给药要求的不足,采用水力空化混合强化超临界流体辅助雾化技术(SAA-HCM)制备聚乳酸(PLA)超细微粒.该技术主要特点是通过在超临界流体和液相进料处引入水力空化混合器,强化两相间的混合.考察SAA-HCM过程混合器压力、温度、沉淀器温度、进料中CO2与液体溶液质量流量比和溶液质量浓度等操作参数对微粒形态和粒径分布的影响,成功制备出球形度较好,粒径分布较窄(1～3μm)的PLA微球.经X射线衍射(XRD)分析和差示扫描量热(DSC)分析显示,与原料PLA相比,微球晶型及热曲线变化不大,但结晶度下降.同时把操作参数与相行为进行关联,探讨了影响颗粒形貌的机理.对比超临界流体辅助雾化法(SAA)的实验结果表明:水力空化的引入能有效强化混合器内的两相传质,混合更好,能制备出适用于气溶胶给药要求的超细微粒.     

基于RE/RP/RT产品创新设计方法的开发与研究

在传统的产品创新设计方法的基础上,开发出基于RE/RP/RT技术为一体的产品创新设计方法,以适应新产品快速开发与创新设计的需求.此产品设计方法的主要流程是:首先采用RE技术对已有产品(实物)进行测量获得三维坐标数据,并依据设计要求重构得到所需的CAD模型;在将CAD模型离散化后采用RP技术进行快速原型加工;最后以RP制件作为母模,借助RT技术快速制作模具.本文以鼠标产品外形的创新设计为例,进行了基于RE/RP/RT创新设计技术流程的可行性及高效性的验证,实验证明此方法为产品的快速创新设计探索出一条捷径.     

RP/RE技术与比例式设计

RP/RE制造技术与设计美学的有机结合,形成了具有竞争力和规模化的设计业,提高了企业创新设计和产品市场开发的能力.运用RP/RE技术得到实体模型,再以设计美学原则对其进行分析、数据处理、美化形态,促进产品开发、研制和销售.工业产品的形态比例关系,受诸多因素的制约.分析了传统的比例设计方法的缺陷与不足,介绍比例式设计的原理、方法及其具体应用.表明比例式设计具有数理性强,计算方便、简捷,容易掌握的特点.而且能根据功能要求、技术参数和使用对象等因素,迅速找出产品的最佳比例值,有效地解决功能和形式之间的协调关系.     

基于RP原型的电弧喷涂快速模具制造技术研究

基于RP原型的电弧喷涂快速模具制造工艺是一项模具制造新技术。本文介绍了这种工艺的原理和方法。并重点讨论了该制模技术的关键。