湖南省染料工业现状和发展前景

综述了湖南省染料工业的现状，预测了省内对染料品种的需求情况，并对湖南省可开发的染料品种提出了建议。     

Decolorization of organic dyes on Pilkington Activ™ photocatalytic glass

The air–solid photocatalytic degradation of organic dye films Acid Blue 9 (AB9) and Reactive Black 5 (RBk5) is studied on Pilkington Activ™ glass. The Activ™ glass comprises of a colorless TiO₂ layer deposited on clear glass. The Activ™ glass is characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Using AFM, the TiO₂ average agglomerate particle size is 95 nm, with an apparent TiO₂ thickness of 12 nm. The XRD results indicate the anatase phase of TiO₂, with a calculated crystallite size of 18 nm.

Dyes AB9 and RBk5 are deposited in a liquid film and dried on the Activ™ glass to test for photodecolorization in air, using eight UVA blacklight-blue fluorescent lamps with an average UVA irradiance of 1.4 mW/cm². A novel horizontal coat method is used for dye deposition, minimizing the amount of solution used while forming a fairly uniform dye layer. About 35–75 monolayers of dye are placed on the Activ™ glass, with a covered area of 7–10 cm². Dye degradation is observed visually and via UV–vis spectroscopy.

The kinetics of photodecolorization satisfactorily fit a two-step series reaction model, indicating that the dye degrades to a single colored intermediate compound before reaching its final colorless product(s). Each reaction step follows a simple irreversible first-order reaction rate form. The average k₁ is 0.017 and 0.021 min⁻¹ for AB9 and RBk5, respectively, and the corresponding average k₂ is 2.0 × 10⁻³ and 1.5 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹. Variable light intensity experiments reveal a p = 0.44 ± 0.02 exponent dependency of initial decolorization rate on the UV irradiance. Solar experiments are conducted outdoors with an average temperature, water vapor density, and UVA irradiance of 30.8 °C, 6.4 g water/m³ dry air, and 1.5 mW/cm², respectively. For AB9, the average solar k₁ is 0.041 min⁻¹ and k₂ is 5.7 × 10⁻³ min⁻¹.     

活性染料湿摩擦牢度提升剂的性能研究

介绍自制改性水性PU活性染料湿摩擦牢度提升剂的应用及性能。提升剂使用于活性染料染色的纯棉和及其混纺织物,其湿摩擦色牢度提高1级以上,可达到3级以上。分析了影响湿摩擦牢度提升剂WPU效果的各种因素,确定了最佳处理工艺条件,采用浸轧工艺,烘干温度为80℃,焙烘温度为110-120℃,处理液pH值5—6．5。     

Temperature sensing using reversible thermochromic polymeric films

Temperature sensing membranes using Nafion^® as the polymeric support matrix have been prepared incorporating common pH indicators and stains as visible indicators. These simple systems depend on the temperature sensitivity of the acid–base equilibria between the indicator and the acidic Nafion^®. The films are able to sense temperature change through a change in film colour resulting from the equilibrium shift between different forms of the indicating dye. The dyes (phenolphthalein, methylene blue, safranin-O and crystal violet) studied covered a temperature range from 4 to 70 °C.     

Ultrasound-assisted Acid red dye removal using leather fibre wastes as matrix: ‘intra wastes interaction’ approach

It is desirable to make effective use of solid wastes, as well as waste liquors, of the dye house generated from leather processing. The present study deals with the adsorption of Acid red 26 (Xylidine ponceau) dye using leather fibre waste (buffing dust) as substrate matrix by the means of ultrasound, magnetic stirring and conventional heating. The research examined the effect of various process parameters: ultrasonic power, concentration of dye, temperature and time. The dye uptake data have been fitted with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, indicating a useful dye adsorption process. A mechanism for dye adsorption in leather fibres has also been proposed. This study shows that it is possible to remove dyes from dye house effluent streams using leather waste fibres of buffing dust by means of ultrasound. Two different toxic wastes produced by the same industry can be effectively contained. This ‘Intra wastes interaction’ approach could reduce the burden of discarding wastes of other materials in the leather industry.     

还原染料还原方法的研究进展

目前工业上主要采用化学法来还原染料,该方法存在废水处理成本高、还原剂不可再生、环境污染严重等问题。而电化学法利用电子为清洁能源,只需很少的化学还原剂就能得到满意的还原效率,大大减少了废水的排放。文章主要讨论了各种还原方法的优缺点,并结合其还原机理分析了还原染色技术的未来发展动向。