加工高酸油品加氢反应进料加热炉炉管的选材

论述了加氢装置反应进料加热炉炉管经常出现的晶间腐蚀的形成原因、控制方法以及近年来油品中出现的环烷酸对炉管的腐蚀影响,并结合工程实例,讨论了综合考虑强度和防止这两种腐蚀的炉管选材的问题。     

耐火纤维喷涂技术的优越性及应用

详细介绍了耐火纤维喷涂技术及施工等各方面的优越性。同时说明耐火纤维喷涂技术,在大庆石化公司炼油厂润滑油白土装置扩建改造中加热炉炉衬上的应用及取得的明显节能效果。     

汽车发动机冷却循环系统模块调温器总成试验台的研制

本文对汽车发动机冷却循环系统中模块调温器总成试验台的研制进行了阐述,对调温器的原理,主体结构与功能以及模块调温器总成试验台的装夹模具,温度、流量、压力检测分别作了介绍。     

Electro-thermal simulation and characterization of preconcentration membranes

We use electro-thermal simulations to design thermally insulated membranes that support thin film heaters as components of gas preconcentrators. These heaters provide a good thermal homogeneity ensuring a narrow desorption peak and, thus, a good sensor response. Temperature measurements have been carried out using an infrared camera and they are in agreement with the corresponding numerical predictions. Our model has been validated and it can be used in future designs.     

Improvement of Heater Surface Flatness and Uniformity of TiN Film Deposition

The deposition rate and the thickness uniformity of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) titanium nitride films depend on wafer temperatures. The heater surface conditions, such as flatness, roughness, and surface imperfections, can greatly affect heat transfer efficiency from the heater surface to the wafer, and the process performance. Because heater surface imperfections or “hot spots” that caused poor uniformity had to be eliminated, the origin of “hot spots” was identified by a detailed study of heater surface profiles. A better visualization of “hot spots” could be obtained by comparing wafer-chucking patterns with deposition patterns. Thus, the time needed to locate “hot spots” could be shortened. The manufacturing process was revised to prevent “hot spots” and improve heater performance.     

Analysis of polymer foil heaters as infrared radiation sources

Infrared radiation as a heat source is used in many fields. In particular, the positive effect of far-infrared radiation on living organisms has been observed. This paper presents two technological solutions for infrared heater production using polymer-silver and polymer-carbon pastes screenprinted on foil substrates. The purpose of this work was the identification of polymer layers as a specific frequency range IR radiation sources. The characterization of the heaters was determined mainly by measurement of the surface temperature distribution using a thermovision camera and the spectral characteristics were determined using a special measuring system. Basic parameters obtained for both, polymer silver and polymer carbon heaters were similar and were as follows: power rating of 10–12 W/dm², continuous working surface temperature of 80–90 °C, temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) about +900 ppm/K for polymer-carbon heater and about +2000 ppm/K for polymer-silver, maximum radiation intensity in the wavelength range of 6–14 μm with top intensity at 8.5 μm and heating time about 20 min. For comparison purposes, commercial panel heater was tested. The results show that the characteristics of infrared polymer heaters are similar to the characteristics of the commercial heater, so they can be taken into consideration as the alternative infrared radiation sources.     

微波管高温烘排时阴极温度的估算

为了估算微波管高温烘排时的阴极温度,本文提出了一种将炉温等效为热子温度的方法。采用这一方法可简便地估算出钡钨阴极及氧化物阴极在烘排时的温度。本文还对烘排炉温对阴极温度的贡献进行了讨论。     

LOGO!在太阳能热水器控制系统中的应用

介绍了用西门子LOGO !可编程控制器对一种太阳能热水器控制系统进行改造的方法 ,阐述了系统控制要求及控制程序设计。     

200MW 机组高压加热器给水大旁路经济性分析

目前国产高参数大容量机组的高压加热器均采用给水大旁路系统。从节能角度出发,以国产200MW 机组为例,采用等效焓降法,对高压加热器给水系统采用大旁路或小旁路进行了热经济性对比分析。若用小旁路系统,计算表明,一台200MW 机组按目前运行工况可节约标煤2112t。     

火电厂加热器切除经济性分析

加热器切除工况,影响机组的经济性,导致机组效率降低,热耗增加,煤耗上升。现利用等效焓降的原理,对加热器切除对机组经济性的影响进行具体分析计算。