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排序方式: 共有9219条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(11):7242-7251
In the present study, metal-free catalysts for efficient H2 generation from NaBH4 methanolysis was produced for the first time from apricot kernel shells with two-step activation. The first stage of the two-stage activation includes the production of activated carbon with the KOH agent (AKOH), and the second stage includes hydrothermally HNO3 activation with oxygen doping (O doped AKOH + N). The hydrogen production rate (HGR) and the activation energy (Ea) of the reaction with the obtained metal-free catalyst (10 mg) were determined as 14,444 ml min?1 g?1 and 7.86 kJ mol?1, respectively. The structural and physical-chemical properties of these catalysts were characterized by XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), elemental CHNS analysis, FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and nitrogen adsorption analysis. Also, the reusability results of this metal-free catalyst for H2 production are promising. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(26):12903-12913
Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) plays a decisive role in electrolytic water splitting. However, it is still challengeable to develop low-cost and efficient OER electrocatalysts. Herein, we present a combination strategy via heteroatom doping, hetero-interface engineering and introducing conductive skeleton to synthesize a hybrid OER catalyst of CNT-interconnected iron-doped NiP2/Ni2P (Fe-(NiP2/Ni2P)@CNT) heterostructural nanoflowers by a simple hydrothermal reaction and subsequent phosphorization process. The optimized Fe-(NiP2/Ni2P)@CNT catalyst delivers an ultralow Tafel slope of 46.1 mV dec?1 and overpotential of 254 mV to obtain 10 mA cm?2, which are even better than those of commercial OER catalyst RuO2. The excellent OER performance is mainly attributed to its unique nanoarchitecture and the synergistic effects: the nanoflowers constructed by a 2D-like nanosheets guarantee large specific area and abundant active sites; the highly conductive CNT skeleton and the electronic modulation by the heterostructural NiP2/Ni2P interface and the hetero-atom doping can improve the catalytic activity; porous nanostructure benefits electrolyte penetration and gas release; most importantly, the rough surface and rich defects caused by phosphorization process can further enhance the OER performance. This work provides a deep insight to boost catalytic performance by heteroatom doping and interface engineering for water splitting. 相似文献
3.
4.
Bing Huang Meng Wang Guodong Xu Lin Hu Lin Chen Yijie Gu 《Ceramics International》2021,47(6):7700-7710
In this study, La was doped into the lithium layer of Li-rich cathode material and formed a layered-spinel hetero-structure. The morphology, crystal structure, element valence and kinetics of lithium ion migration were studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The La doped lithium-rich cathode material exhibited similar initial discharge capacity of 262.8 mAh g?1 at 0.1 C compared with the undoped material, but the discharge capacity retention rate can be obviously improved to 90% after 50 cycles at 1.0 C. Besides that, much better rate capability and Li+ diffusion coefficient were observed. The results revealed that La doping not only stabilized the material structure and reduced the Li/Ni mixing degree, but also induced the generation of spinel phase to provide three-dimensional diffusion channels for lithium ion migration. Moreover, the porous structure of the doped samples also contributed to the remarkable excellent electrochemical performance. All of these factors combined to significantly improve the electrochemical performance of the material. 相似文献
5.
Fangjun Zhu You Shi Guorong Hu Zhongdong Peng Yanbing Cao Qian Sun Zhichen Xue Yinjia Zhang Ke Du 《Ceramics International》2021,47(3):3070-3078
Titanium and boron are simultaneously introduced into LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 to improve the structural stability and electrochemical performance of the material. X-ray diffraction studies reveal that Ti4+ ion replaces Li+ ion and reduces the cation mixing; B3+ ion enters the tetrahedron of the transition metal layers and enlarges the distance of the [LiO6] layers. The co-doped sample has spherical secondary particles with elongated and enlarged primary particles, in which Ti and B elements distribute uniformly. Electrochemical studies reveal the co-doped sample has improved rate performance (183.1 mAh·g-1 at 1 C and 155.5 mAh·g-1 at 10 C) and cycle stability (capacity retention of 94.7% after 100 cycles at 1 C). EIS and CV disclose that Ti and B co-doping reduces charge transfer impedance and suppresses phase change of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2. 相似文献
6.
Liangtao Yang Liang-Yin Kuo Juan Miguel López del Amo Prasant Kumar Nayak Katherine A. Mazzio Sebastian Maletti Daria Mikhailova Lars Giebeler Payam Kaghazchi Teófilo Rojo Philipp Adelhelm 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(38):2102939
A known strategy for improving the properties of layered oxide electrodes in sodium-ion batteries is the partial substitution of transition metals by Li. Herein, the role of Li as a defect and its impact on sodium storage in P2-Na0.67Mn0.6Ni0.2Li0.2O2 is discussed. In tandem with electrochemical studies, the electronic and atomic structure are studied using solid-state NMR, operando XRD, and density functional theory (DFT). For the as-synthesized material, Li is located in comparable amounts within the sodium and the transition metal oxide (TMO) layers. Desodiation leads to a redistribution of Li ions within the crystal lattice. During charging, Li ions from the Na layer first migrate to the TMO layer before reversing their course at low Na contents. There is little change in the lattice parameters during charging/discharging, indicating stabilization of the P2 structure. This leads to a solid-solution type storage mechanism (sloping voltage profile) and hence excellent cycle life with a capacity of 110 mAh g-1 after 100 cycles. In contrast, the Li-free compositions Na0.67Mn0.6Ni0.4O2 and Na0.67Mn0.8Ni0.2O2 show phase transitions and a stair-case voltage profile. The capacity is found to originate from mainly Ni3+/Ni4+ and O2-/O2-δ redox processes by DFT, although a small contribution from Mn4+/Mn5+ to the capacity cannot be excluded. 相似文献
7.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(43):18663-18674
Developing non-precious metal-based catalysts as the substitution of precious catalysts (Pt/C) in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is crucial for energy devices. Herein, a template and organic solvent-free method was adopted to synthesize Fe, B, and N doped nanoflake-like carbon materials (Fe/B/N–C) by pyrolysis of monoclinic ZIF-8 coated with iron precursors and boric acid. Benefiting from introducing B into Fe–N–C, the regulated electron cloud density of Fe-Nx sites enhance the charge transfer and promotes the ORR process. The as-synthesized Fe/B/N–C electrocatalyst shows excellent ORR activity of a half-wave potential (0.90 V vs 0.87 V of Pt/C), together with superior long-term stability (95.5% current density retention after 27 h) in alkaline media and is even comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst (with a half-wave potential of 0.74 V vs 0.82 V of Pt/C) in an acidic electrolyte. A Zn-air battery assembled with Fe/B/N–C as ORR catalyst delivers a higher open-circuit potential (1.47 V), specific capacity (759.9 mA h g?1Zn at 10 mA cm?2), peak power density (62 mW cm?2), as well as excellent durability (5 mA cm?2 for more than 160 h) compared to those with commercial Pt/C. This work provides an effective strategy to construct B doped Fe–N–C materials as nonprecious ORR catalyst. Theoretical calculations indicate that introduction of B could induce Fe-Nx species electronic configuration and is favorable for activation of OH1 intermediates to promote ORR process. 相似文献
8.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(26):12829-12840
In the present work, nitrogen doped hierarchically activated porous carbon (APC) samples have been synthesized via single step scalable method using ethylene di-amine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as precursor and KOH as activating agent. Activated porous carbons with different pore sizes have been developed by varying the activation temperature. SEM, TEM and SAXS analysis suggest that with variation of activation temperature, a hierarchical porous structure with interconnected meso-pore and micro pores has been achieved. The sufficiently high surface area of the synthesized materials provides active sites to enhance the diffusion of ions between the electrolyte and the carbon electrodes. The electrode prepared at 800 °C activated sample exhibited highest specific capacitance of 274 Fg-1 in two electrode setup, at a current density of 0.1 Ag-1 in 1 M aqueous H2SO4. Along with this, it showed maximum energy density of 9.5 Whkg?1 at a power density of 64.5 Wkg-1. The remarkable electrochemical performance reveals that the synthesized nitrogen doped activated carbon electrodes derived from EDTA can be tuned to have optimum pore structure and pore size distribution for better electrochemical performance, so it can be considered as a potential electrode material for applications in electrochemical energy storage. 相似文献
9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(11):15056-15063
Hydrogen (H2) sensors based on metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) are promising for many applications such as a rocket propellant, industrial gas and the safety of storage. However, poor selectivity at low analyte concentrations, and independent response on high humidity limit the practical applications. Herein, we designed rGO-wrapped SnO2–Pd porous hollow spheres composite (SnO2–Pd@rGO) for high performance H2 sensor. The porous hollow structure was from the carbon sphere template. The rGO wrapping was via self-assembly of GO on SnO2-based spheres with subsequent thermal reduction in H2 ambient. This sensor exhibited excellently selective H2 sensing performances at 390 °C, linear response over a broad concentration range (0.1–1000 ppm) with recovery time of only 3 s, a high response of ~8 to 0.1 ppm H2 in a minute, and acceptable stability under high humidity conditions (e. g. 80%). The calculated detection limit of 16.5 ppb opened up the possibility of trace H2 monitoring. Furthermore, this sensor demonstrated certain response to H2 at the minimum concentration of 50 ppm at 130 °C. These performances mainly benefited from the special hollow porous structure with abundant heterojunctions, the catalysis of the doped-PdOx, the relative hydrophobic surface from rGO, and the deoxygenation after H2 reduction. 相似文献
10.
In the present work we have studied the effect of Na on the properties of graded Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 (CIGS) layer. Graded CIGS structures were prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis at a substrate temperature of 350 °C on soda lime glass. Sodium chloride is used as a dopant along with metal (Cu/In/Ga) chlorides and n, n-dimethyl selenourea precursors. The addition of Na exhibited better crystallinity with chalcopyrite phase and an improvement in preferential orientation along the (112) plane. Energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (line/point mapping) revealed a graded nature of the film and percentage incorporation of Na (0.86 at%). Raman studies showed that the film without sodium doping consists of mixed phase of chalcopyrite and CuAu ordering. Influence of sodium showed a remarkable decrease in electrical resistivity (0.49–0.087 Ω cm) as well as an increase in carrier concentration (3.0×1018–2.5×1019 cm−3) compared to the un-doped films. As carrier concentration increased after sodium doping, the band gap shifted from 1.32 eV to 1.20 eV. Activation energies for un-doped and Na doped films from modified Arrhenius plot were calculated to be 0.49 eV and 0.20 eV, respectively. Extremely short carrier lifetimes in the CIGS thin films were measured by a novel, non-destructive, noncontact method (transmission modulated photoconductive decay). Minority carrier lifetimes of graded CIGS layers without and with external Na doping are found to be 3.0 and 5.6 ns, respectively. 相似文献