Two-dimensional LBIC and internal quantum efficiency investigations of porous silicon-based gettering procedure in multicrystalline silicon

In this work, a porous silicon-based gettering technique was applied to multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) wafers. Porous silicon (PS) was formed by the stain-etching technique and was used as a sacrificial layer for efficient external purification technique. The gettering procedure consists of achieving a PS/mc-Si/PS structure that undergoes a heat treatment at 900 °C for 90 min in an infrared furnace under a N₂ ambient. After removing the PS layers, mc-Si solar cells were realized. The effect of the gettering procedure was evaluated by means of the laser beam-induced current (LBIC) mapping, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) mapping and the dark current-voltage (I-V) characteristic. Consequently, LBIC and IQE images show an enhancement of the gettered sample as compared to a reference untreated one. The serial resistance and the shunt resistance carried out from the dark I-V curves confirm this gettering-related solar cell improvement.     

Laser-beam-induced current mapping evaluation of porous silicon-based passivation in polycrystalline silicon solar cells

In the present work, we report on the effect of introducing a superficial porous silicon (PS) layer on the performance of polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) solar cells. Laser-beam-induced current (LBIC) mapping shows that the PS treatment on the emitter of pc-Si solar cells improves their quantum response and reduce the grain boundaries (GBs) activity. After the porous silicon treatment, mapping investigation shows an enhancement of the LBIC and the internal quantum efficiency (IQE), due to an improvement of the minority carrier diffusion length and the passivation of recombination centers at the GBs as compared to the reference substrate. It was quantitatively shown that porous silicon treatment can passivate both the grains and GBs.     

单晶硅太阳能电池的背场钝化技术研究

太阳能的应用是解决能源与环境问题的有效途径,而高转换效率低成本,易于产业化的高效电池技术是太阳电池发展的目标。近年来高转换效率技术层出不穷,例如SE电池(Selective emitter Cell),MWT电池(Metal warp through cell)和EWT电池(Emitter Warp through cell)等。这些高效电池均采用了良好的钝化技术。而常规晶硅太阳电池由于没有采用背场钝化技术,只使用铝背场,而经过烧结形成的铝硅合金背表面在减少复合和背反射效果方面有很大的局限性,并且铝硅合金区本身即高复合区,限制了电池效率的进一步提高。因此为了进一步提高开路电压及短路电流,对硅基背表面进行钝化是很有必要的。通过试验,着重比较了SiNx背场钝化层和SiO2背场钝化层对电池电性参数的影响和变化趋势。通过对电池片IQE分析发现,在使用了SiO2或SiNx背场钝化层后,长波区域的IQE响应相比正常电池片有明显提升,说明SiO2或SiNx确实起到钝化作用。而再对电性参数分析后发现,SiO2与SiNx相比可以有效提高电池的Rsh,降低反向电流。同时在EFF测试方面,SiO2与SiNx相比,也具有一定的优势。     

Temperature-dependent quantum efficiency analysis of graded-gap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

Despite the high solar cell efficiencies achieved with Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) absorbers, key parameters such as the carrier diffusion length and recombination lifetime are still under investigation. Here, we extract lifetime and diffusion length from temperature-dependent internal quantum efficiency (IQET) spectra of state of the art high efficiency CIGS solar cells. Two-parameter fits to the measured IQE curves using a model for double-graded gap solar cells show very good agreement in the studied temperature range T=146–293 K, allowing the extraction of the electron recombination lifetime in the absorber and the collection probability in the front region of the cell. The obtained results agree with current literature values obtained by other characterization techniques. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the recombination lifetime is explained by Shockley–Read–Hall recombination through a single bulk defect level with an activation energy of 200 meV.     

Two-dimensional LBIC and Internal-Quantum-Efficiency investigations of grooved grain boundaries in multicrystalline silicon solar cells

Grain boundaries (GBs) in multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) degrade the solar cells performances. To enhance the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells, preferential grooving was achieved in GBs in order to reduce their area and then their highly recombination effect. For this purpose, a chemical etching method in HF/HNO₃ solution was used. In this study, we show how grooved GB enables deep penetration of phosphorus and metallic contacts, which lead to a P-Al-co-gettering of undesired impurities. As a result, we observe a decrease in the recombination activity in regions close to the GBs as compared to ungrooved sample; this was investigated by the two-dimensional Light-Beam-Induced-Current (LBIC) imaging. In addition, we carried out a two dimensional representation of the Internal-Quantum-Efficiency (IQE), where images show an improvement of the electrical activity in grooved GBs.     

Magneto-optical behaviors at a 2-D ferromagnetic/organic semiconductor interface for singlet fission

This article reports the magneto-optical effects on the singlet fission of the p-type organic semiconductor, tetracene, from a ferromagnetic/semiconductor interface between thin films of cobalt and tetracene. We experimentally show that this interface has two effects on the thin films of tetracene: spin interactions and electrical polarization. The experimental tools used to study the interface include magnetic field effect photoluminescence (MFE_PL), photoluminescence and absorption. Spin interaction effects are shown by MFE_PL data, where we observe a large increase in the maximum MFE_PL when cobalt is introduced, as well as changes in the hyperfine interactions at low magnetic fields. Electrical polarization is analyzed with photoluminescence and absorption measurements, showing small changes in the energy difference between the HOMO and LUMO levels of tetracene, as well as an increase in the electron-phonon coupling in tetracene. Also, electrical polarization is shown to increase electrical interactions between tetracene molecules. Therefore, we conclude that using spin interactions and electrical polarization from the ferromagnetic/organic semiconductor interface can tune the properties of tetracene, ultimately enhancing singlet fission. This work gives new insight to understand the singlet fission process using a ferromagnetic interface. These changes can be further utilized in photovoltaic applications based on this singlet fission material and be applied to other similar types of singlet fission organic semiconductors.     

GaN基蓝光LED的多量子阱结构优化

基于量子阱结构中载流子遂穿势垒原理,使用APSYS软件模拟不同条件下具有不同垒高、垒宽及阱宽的发光二极管（LED）的I-V特性、光强和内量子效率（IQE）的变化,发现自发发射光谱存在红移现象。通过与传统LED的多量子阱（MQW）参数比较发现,当阱宽为2 nm、垒宽为4 nm、垒中In含量为0.08和驱动电流为20mA时...     

N-B-Al共掺荧光4H-SiC施主受主对发光性能研究

施主受主共掺杂的荧光4H-SiC可以通过复合发出可见光, 影响其发光性能的一个重要因素是施主-受主掺杂的浓度。本研究通过PVT生长方法制备了3英寸N-B-Al共掺的4H-SiC晶体, 采用Raman光谱、SIMS对晶体的结晶类型和掺杂浓度进行了表征; 采用PL发射谱和激发谱、荧光衰减曲线表征和内量子效率对晶体的发光波长、强度、施主-受主对复合发光性能进行了研究。结果发现, 低浓度Al掺杂样品在室温下发出黄绿色荧光。低浓度Al掺杂在晶体中提供较少的受主; 高浓度B、N掺杂形成施主, 从而贡献充足的电子-空穴对。这些电子-空穴的复合提高了施主-受主对复合的内量子效率, 进而增强光致发光强度, 增加平均发光寿命。     

PC1D方法对铝背场钝化技术的分析

降低单晶硅原材料成本,采用更薄的硅片作为太阳电池的原料是晶体硅太阳电池产业发展的趋势之一。对薄片化的太阳电池,铝背场的背表面钝化工艺显得愈加重要。采用PC1D太阳电池软件模拟的方法,对以商业用p型硅为衬底的单晶硅125×125太阳电池的铝背场的背表面钝化技术进行了模拟,分析得出,对一定厚度的电池片来说,尤其是当少数载流...     

Effect of residual compressive stress on near-ultraviolet InGaN/GaN multi-quantum well light-emitting diodes

Thinning was investigated to reduce the residual compressive stress in GaN-based near-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (NUV-LED) substrates. This stress has a knock-on effect of reducing piezoelectric fields in the LED structure. As the sapphire substrate thickness is reduced, the compressive stress in the GaN layer is released, resulting in wafer bowing. The wafer bowing-induced mechanical stress alters the piezoelectric fields, which in turn reduces the quantum-confined Stark effect in the InGaN/GaN active region of the LED. The electroluminescence spectral peak wavelength was blue-shifted, and the internal quantum efficiency was improved by about 15% at an injection current of 50 mA. The LED with a 45-μm-thick sapphire substrate exhibited the highest light output power of ∼29 mW at an injection current of 50 mA, an improvement by about 39% compared to that of a 150-μm-thick sapphire substrate without increasing the operating voltage. The simulation results confirm that the relaxation of the compressive strain in the InGaN/GaN MQW structure results in the reduction of the piezoelectric field and improves the overlap of electron and hole wave functions with a corresponding increase in IQE.