天然气深冷分离装置的(火用)分析及用能改进建议

将天然气深冷分离装置划分为6个子系统,采用“三箱”分析方法,建立了NGL装置的火用分析模型,并给出了具体分析过程和评价指标。利用实测数据,对某一实际运行的NGL装置进行了分析计算,根据测算结果提出了改进建议。实际应用表明,对NGL装置进行火用分析,能更全面地反映装置的用能情况。     

Introducing a novel integrated NGL recovery process configuration (with a self-refrigeration system (open–closed cycle)) with minimum energy requirement

In this study a novel process configuration for recovery of hydrocarbon liquids from natural gas is proposed. The required refrigeration in this configuration is obtained by a self-refrigeration system (open–closed cycle). High performance of the multi-stream heat exchangers, high recovery levels of the hydrocarbon liquids and low required compression power (in the internal refrigeration section) are three of most important characteristic of the proposed configuration. The effects of the mixed self-refrigerant flow rate and pressure on the performance of the process are discussed. Various values for feed composition are tested and the results show that the process can work efficiently with different feeds. In order to analyze the need of external refrigeration by a close or open cycle that is related to the composition of the inlet gas, a configuration with external refrigeration is designed the manner that it is similar with the purposed configuration in the separation section.     

常规及创新高压凝液回收流程对比

塔里木盆地地区的英买、迪那等大型高压凝析气田目前仅对原料天然气进行了烃水露点控制,重烃回收率低,经济效益没有实现最大化,对此类气田进行凝液回收可显著提升气田的经济效益。现今适用于高压天然气凝液回收的流程主要为HPA（high pressure absorber）流程,本文在HPA流程基础上提出两种改进流程,即改进Ⅰ型流程和改进Ⅱ型流程。并通过SQP（sequential quadratic programming）算法以单位能耗最低为目标函数对3种流程进行操作参数优化, 并通过能耗分析表明：3种流程具有不同原料气贫富和压力适应范围,在贫气条件下,原料气压力在7000~8000kPa范围内,改进Ⅰ型比HPA流程更节能,而当原料气压力高于7500kPa时,改进Ⅱ型流程能耗开始低于前两者,且随原料气压力增加,节能效果更加明显。而对于富气,改进Ⅱ型流程能耗最高,改进Ⅰ型与HPA流程区别不明显。     

LNG与NGL联产工艺优化及改进

为了降低LNG与NGL联产工艺能耗以及进一步提高乙烷回收率,采用Aspen HYSYS软件进行仿真模拟,其中凝液回收工艺采用冷干气回流工艺,制冷循环采用混合冷剂制冷工艺,在保持乙烷回收工艺各参数不变、保证乙烷回收率在95%以上的前提下,以压缩机总能耗与LNG产品质量流量的比值为目标函数,以换热器夹点温差为约束条件,使用遗传算法进行优化。并针对基础流程优化后换热器HX-2中对数平均温差大、冷热组合曲线温差波动范围大的问题提出了改进方案。然后通过火用分析方法定量对比优化改进前后主要设备的火用损失。研究结果表明:(1)对基础流程优化后单位能耗由0.55 kW·h/kg降低到0.41 kW·h/kg,换热器HX-1对数平均温差由10.6℃降低到5.6℃,换热器HX-2对数平均温差由7.6℃降低到6.7℃;(2)采用遗传算法优化后,改进流程单位能耗由基础流程的0.41 kW·h/kg降低到0.36 kW·h/kg,换热器HX-1对数平均温差无明显变化,换热器HX-2对数平均温差由6.7℃降低到4.9℃;(3)改进流程优化后与基础流程相比,火用损失减少43.92%。其中换热器HX-2火用损失减少最多,占总火用损失减少量的32.14%。     

提高NGL装置乙烷收率的技术措施

通过对比中原NGL的改扩建装置与老装置,认为NGL的乙烷收率在原料气中乙烷含量较低的情况下达不到设计值是正常的,但新装置远没有发挥应有的能力。以老装置作参考,分析了影响乙烷收率的因素,研究了运行中存在的问题,通过采取有针对性的改进技术措施,使乙烷收率由6l％提高到73％左右。     

南充轻烃装置二次回收工艺技术研究

通过对南充轻烃回收装置现状分析,研究了影响该装置轻烃收率的主要因素,采用一新增分馏塔对膨胀机出口物流进行二次回收,有效地提高了装置的产品收率,日增产轻烃4吨左右。     

Efficiency enhancement of a commercial natural gas liquid recovery plant: A MINLP optimization analysis

ABSTRACT

This paper aims at modeling and optimizing a Middle East-based commercial natural gas liquid (NGL) recovery and fractionation plant, using a predictive process simulator. NGL units are known to be highly energy-intensive as steam-based heating and refrigeration-based cryogenic cooling are critical requirements for their operation. Indeed, these units govern the degree of profitability of gas plants especially during low natural gas price scenarios. As a result, this study explores the ways of improving the performance of NGL units through a deterministic optimization analysis. A steady state model of the plant is built using gPROMS process builder followed by validation using plant data to ensure the model accuracy. A mixed integer nonlinear programming optimization problem is formulated with the objective of maximizing the net revenue of the plants by means of manipulating various decision variables such as feed gas temperature, column operating pressure, feed stage location, reflux and boil up ratios subject to specific process constraints. Optimization problem is solved using outer approximation equality relaxation augmented penalty algorithm. It is determined that the process optimization yields an additional revenue of 4.1 MM USD annually due to ~22% increase in Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) production, ~6% increase in Naphtha production, and ~16% reduction in steam consumption in the reboiler of the columns.     

Simulation and optimization of an industrial gas condensate stabilization unit to modify LPG and NGL production with minimizing CO2 emission to the environment

In the present study, a great effort was made to improve the performance of an industrial liquefied petroleum gas(LPG) and natural gas liquid(NGL) production unit in one of the major gas refinery located at Pars special economic zone in Iran. To demonstrate and obtain the optimal condition, the unit was simulated by using a steady-state flowsheet simulator, i.e. Aspen Plus, under different operational conditions. According to the simulation results,the unit was not operational under its optimal conditions due to some defects in the cooling system at top stage of the debutanizer tower(DBT) during hot and humid seasons. Additionally, the vapor pressure of produced LPG and accordingly the amount of its flaring were decreased by reducing the temperature of debutanizer tower at top stages. In the optimization section, the DBT condenser and reboiler heat duty, temperature, and pressure were regulated as adjustable parameters. The simulation results demonstrated that by applying the optimum suggestion in the hot months, the reflux stream temperature was reached about 55 ℃ which caused an efficient increment in LPG production(about 4%) with adjusting the propane component in LPG, based on the standard range as the plant criteria. Moreover, after applying modifications, about 750 t of LPG product was saved from flaring during five hot months of the year, which resulted in 360000 USD extra annual income for the company.Finally, from environmental point of view, this optimization caused to reduce 81 t of CO_2 emission to the environment. Therefore, the current investigation must be introduced as a friendly environmentally process.     

Next-generation lithography for 22 and 16 nm technology nodes and beyond

In this paper, next-generation lithography (NGL) for the 22 and 16 nm technology nodes and beyond is reviewed. A broad range of topics, including history, technologies, critical challenges, and the most plausible candidates are discussed. The 22 and 16 nm technology nodes rely on NGL. NGLs have been extensively studied. Because of technological issues, the semiconductor industry has stopped pursuing several NGLs, such as X-ray proximity lithography, ion projection lithography, and scattering with angular li...