SSI or Systems Software Interface is the name of a project once proposed by Japan to ISO/TC 97 (now ISO/IEC JTC 1) to standardize interfaces between application programs and various systems software, which are now commonly called application program interfaces (API), to accomplish portability of future applications. The proposal was not accepted as originally intended and ended up with a technical study conducted by ISO/IEC JTC 1 /TSG-1 (Interfaces for Application Portability), which has eventually triggered the recent international activity on OSE (Open System Environment). This article gives a background story of various efforts and reactions related to the SSI proposal, and tries to analyze why this apparently important proposal has failed. It also presents some issues to be considered in the present and future information technology standardization activities. 相似文献
This study investigated the influence of dropwindsonde observations on typhoon forecasts. The study also evaluated the feasibility of the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method as a basis for sensitivity analysis of such forecasts. This sensitivity analysis could furnish guidance in the selection of targeted observations. The study was performed by conducting observation system experiments (OSEs). This research used the fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5), the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and dropsonde observations of Typhoon Nida at 1200 UTC 17 May 2004. The dropsondes were collected under the operational Dropsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR) program. In this research, five kinds of experiments were designed and conducted: (1) no observations were assimilated; (2) all observations were assimilated; (3) observations in the sensitive area revealed by the CNOP method were assimilated; (4) the same as in (3), but for the region revealed by the first singular vector (FSV) method; and (5) observations within a randomly selected area were assimilated. The OSEs showed that (1) the DOTSTAR data had a positive impact on the forecast of Nida's track; (2) dropsondes in the sensitive areas identified by the MM5 CNOP and FSV remained effective for improving the track forecast for Nida on the WRF platform; and (3) the greatest improvement in the track forecast resulted from the CNOP-based (third) simulation, which indicated that the CNOP method would be useful in decision making about dropsonde deployments. 相似文献
Federal information systems initially developed from isolated islands of computing. Through progressive changes, these individual systems became connected by common users and common information needs. These systems are now well on the way to migrating toward computing environments that consist of distributed, heterogeneous, networked applications, databases, and hardware. The concept of a Federal computing environment that is built on an infrastructure defined by open, consensus-based standards is well on its way to becoming a de facto means of organizing these systems. Such an infrastructure is called an Open System Environment (OSE).
An Open System Environment encompasses the functionality needed to provide interoperability, portability, and scalability of computerized applications across networks of heterogeneous, multi-vendor hardware/software/communications platforms. The OSE forms an extensible framework that allows services, interfaces, protocols, and supporting data formats to be defined in terms of nonproprietary specifications that evolve through open (public), consensus-based forums.
A selected suite of specifications that defines the interfaces, services, protocols, and data formats for a particular class or domain of applications is called a profile. The Application Portability Profile (APP) integrates industry. 相似文献