Heat Transfer Analysis for Gas-to-Liquids Transportation Through Trans Alaska Pipeline

Gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology involves the conversion of natural gas to liquid hydrocarbons. In this article, theoretical studies have been presented to determine the feasibility of transporting GTL products through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS). To successfully transport GTL through TAPS, heat loss along the route must be carefully determined. This study presents heat transfer and fluid dynamic calculations to evaluate this feasibility. Because of heat loss, the fluid temperature decreases in the direction of flow and this affects the fluid properties, which in turn influence convection coefficient and pumping power requirements. The temperature and heat loss distribution along the pipeline at different locations have been calculated. Fairly good agreement with measured oil temperatures is observed. The powers required to pump crude oil and GTL individually, against various losses have been calculated. Two GTL transportation modes have been considered; one as a pure stream of GTL and the second as a commingled mixture with crude oil. These results show that the pumping power and heat loss for GTL are less than that of the crude oil for the same volumetric flow rate. Therefore, GTL can be transported through TAPS using existing equipment at pump stations.     

An experimental study on the pumping performance of molecular drag pumps

The pumping performance of molecular drag pumps (MDP) has been investigated experimentally. The experimented MDPs are a disk-type drag pump (DTDP), helical-type drag pump (HTDP) and compound drag pump (CDP), respectively. In the case of the DTDP, spiral channels of a rotor are cut on both upper surface and lower surface of a rotating disk, and the corresponding stator is a planar disk. In the case of the HTDP, the rotor has six rectangular grooves. The CDP consists with the DTDP, at lower part, and with the HTDP, at upper part. The experiments are performed in the outlet pressure range of 0.2–533 Pa. The inlet pressure and compression ratio are measured under the various conditions of outlet pressure and throughputs, and nitrogen is used for the test gas. At the outlet pressure of 0.2 Pa, the ultimate pressure has been reached to 1.0 × 10⁻² Pa for the HTDP, 1.3 × 10⁻⁴ Pa for the DTDP, and 3.6 × 10⁻⁵ Pa for the CDP. The maximum compression ratio of the CDP is much higher than those of the DTDP or HTDP. Consequently, the ultimate pressure of the CDP is the lowest one.     

KATRIN NEG pumping concept investigation

The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment (KATRIN) is going to use a very large electro-static tandem spectrometer to measure the electron spectrum from the tritium beta decay, where several kilometers of non-evaporable getter (NEG) strips (type ST707) are to be used to achieve the UHV requirements. Different geometrical configurations of the NEG strips have been studied by Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the resulting pumping speed of the getter pumps will allow to get a pressure below 10⁻¹¹ mbar in the huge vessel with a volume of 1400 m³. By systematic assessment of the statistics of the pumping surfaces, it could be demonstrated that the design is sound.     

基于 AMESim 的航空燃油柱塞泵特性仿真

针对柱塞倾斜安装的某型航空燃油柱塞泵进行运动学分析,首先基于坐标互换法建立柱塞运动方程,然后采用 AMESim 软件构建柱塞泵模型,最后仿真分析柱塞倾角和转子转速对柱塞泵运动特性、流量特性及压力特性的影响。仿真结果表明,相同工况下柱塞倾角对流量的影响小于转子转速,但斜柱塞结构能增大柱塞行程,增加泵的供油量,适度改善柱塞泵的流量脉动情况。     

含沙水流条件下泵站的节能运行研究

从地处山西省运城市的夹马口引黄泵站的工程实例出发,通过对含沙水流条件下水泵机组的能耗进行计算,得出了不同含沙水流条件下的水泵机组的单方水耗电量。计算结果表明:当含沙量为1~4 kg/m~3时,24SAP-10型水泵的单方水耗电量低;在含沙量为4~7 kg/m~3时,800S-76型水泵的单方水耗电量低;在含沙量为7~10 kg/m~3时,1200S-76型水泵的单方水耗电量低;当含沙量超过10 kg/m~3时,以上3种泵型水泵的单方水耗电量均急剧增加。根据计算结果,提出了泵站节能运行的措施,以有效降低泵站的运行成本。     

Flight control of tethered kites in autonomous pumping cycles for airborne wind energy

Energy harvesting based on tethered kites benefits from exploiting higher wind speeds at higher altitudes. The setup considered in this paper is based on a pumping cycle. It generates energy by winching out at high tether forces, driving an electrical generator while flying crosswind. Then it winches in at a stationary neutral position, thus leaving a net amount of generated energy.The focus of this paper is put on the flight control design, which implements an accurate direction control towards target points and allows for a flight with an eight-down pattern. An extended overview on the control system approach, as well as details of each element of the flight controller, is presented. The control architecture is motivated by a simple, yet comprehensive model for the kite dynamics.In addition, winch strategies based on an optimization scheme are presented. In order to demonstrate the real world functionality of the presented algorithms, flight data from a fully automated pumping-cycle operation of a small-scale prototype are given. The setup is based on a 30 m² kite linked to a ground-based 50 kW electrical motor/generator by a single line.     

淮阴三站泵站贯流式流道混凝土温度和应力仿真分析

根据淮阴三站泵站工程的流道特点、施工过程、现场环境等实际因素,利用三维非稳定温度场和应力场有限元仿真计算程序,对泵站主体混凝土结构施工全过程的温度场和应力场进行动态仿真计算,分析了施工期泵站贯流式流道墩墙混凝土结构裂缝产生的原因,提出相应的防裂措施.     

浅析东雷抽黄灌区泵站更新改造设计中的几个重要环节

通过渭南市东雷抽黄大型灌溉泵站的更新改造设计,提出泵站在改造设计中应注意的几个重要环节,以期为其他大型灌排泵站的更新改造提供参考与帮助。     

泗阳泵站出水流道可行性方案对比分析研究

结合泗阳泵站已有土建结构,采用雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯方程(RANS)和标准k-ε湍流模型,运用SIMPLEC算法,设计虹吸式出水流道、直管式出水流道及钟形出水流道3种可行性方案.分别在流道进口未设置环量和设置环量的情况下,数值模拟3种流道内流场,预测流道内的不良流态形式及出现位置,分析各方案流道进口断面、中间断面及出口...     

泵站自动化技术的探讨

受国内泵站自动化水平低、运行管理和技术分析能力低下的限制,屡发的旱灾使工农业生产蒙受巨大损失,旱灾再次暴露陈旧的水利设施已不能满足社会发展的问题,在作为水利枢纽的大型泵站中引入自动化技术,可以有效提高设备运行效率和管理水平。结合我国目前泵站的实际,提出泵站自动化设计的方案,分析阐述自动控制技术在泵站中的具体应用。