The role of experience in liking "read-to-drink" alcoholic beverages.

Ready-to-drinks (RTDs) are composed of an alcoholic component and a soft-drink base and are primarily consumed by a youth market. The authors explored whether liking and experience with an RTD soft-drink base predicts liking for the RTD. Participants (N=350) from ages 12 to 30 years sampled 3 RTDs and their respective soft-drink and alcoholic components. For milk- and fruit-based RTDs, liking for and familiarity with their soft-drink base was the best predictor of liking for and familiarity with the RTD itself. For the Coke-based RTD, familiarity with and liking for bourbon best predicted familiarity with and liking for the RTD. All of these effects were consistent across blind and nonblind testing. The authors' results suggest that where there is perceptual similarity between the RTD and its soft-drink base, these beverages may provide an easy transition into alcohol consumption for novice drinkers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Axial dispersion of gas in a circulating fluidized bed

An axial dispersion of gas in a circulating fluidized bed was investigated in a fluidized bed of 4.0 cm I.D. and 279 cm in height. The axial dispersion coefficient of gas was determined by the stimulus-response method of trace gas of CO₂. The employed particles were 0.069 mm and 0.147 mm silica-sand. The results showed that axial dispersion coefficients were increased with gas velocity and solid circulation rates as well as suspension density. The experimentally determined axial dispersion coefficients in this study were in the range of 1.0-3.5 m²/s.     

适用于GEO卫星通信的单层重传机制

基于GEO卫星通信信道特性,分析现有LTE重传机制适应性改造所面临的问题,提出一种单层重传机制。该机制结合卫星链路时延大、信道质量较好的特点,去掉RLC层ARQ机制设计,并利用单层重传机制的通道数与RTD的相关性,通过扩展通道数及减少最大传输次数,提高现有重传机制对GEO卫星大时延信道特性的适应性。仿真结果表明,该重传机制能确保数据可靠性传输,缓解反馈信息带来的时延问题,提高系统吞吐量。     

基于Σ-△ ADC热电阻信号采集模块设计

本文设计了一种基于Σ-△ADC的热电阻信号采集从站模块,比较了工业过程控制中模数转换的三种常用方法,详细介绍∑-△ADC原理和硬件电路,给出了软件主要流程图.本模块利用ADS1242这款24位高精度∑-△ADC和80C52内核单片机进行多通道热电阻信号的采集和处理,具有实用性强、精度高、可靠性高等优点.     

PSOC在高精度温度测量中的应用

铂电阻是高精度温度测量的主要传感器之一,由于铂电阻的非线性使测量的精度受到影响。文中介绍利用一体化数字与模拟混合处理器PSOC实现高精度温度测量的方法,PSOC中包含温度测量所用到的主要元器件。设计采用流过恒流源的校准电阻与铂电阻比较的方法消除恒流源与模数转换器引起的测量误差,精确地测量出铂电阻的电阻值,再通过采用曲线拟合求得的高阶多项式计算出温度值。经理论推导和实际验证,利用PSOC进行RTD测量精度高,测量通道多,便于模块化和网络化,是一种值得深入研究和推广应用的高精度温度测量方法。     

Physical Modelling of Transport Phenomena in a Delta‐shaped,Four‐strand Tundish with Flow Modifiers

Experiments were conducted in a full‐scale physical model of a delta‐shaped, four‐strand tundish to study the effect of flow modifiers on tundish performance. Two different types of flow modifiers were studied; an existing flow‐modifier and a turbulence‐inhibitor. Their effects were quantified by measuring residence times of fluid in the tundish and residual ratios of inclusions. Although the Turbulence‐Inhibitor appeared to be more effective in guiding flows than the flow‐modifier, the latter gave the longer average residence times and smaller residence time differences between the inner and outer nozzles, which resulted in a higher residual ratio of inclusions.     

Nanostructure array of coupled RTDs as cellular neural networks

The processing capabilities of a proposed nanoelectronic device are investigated. The device is considered as a global dynamical system with local circuit model components. The system equations and the corresponding network model are presented. The characteristics of this network model are compared with the cellular neural networks. Certain characteristics of the network are analysed theoretically and demonstrated with circuit‐system level simulations. As a novel property, it is shown that the single layer nanodevice network structure is a basic reaction–diffusion system and it is capable of autowave propagation. Furthermore, the same network structure exhibits several image processing capabilities like image smoothing, edge enhancement, and horizontal or vertical line detection using simple arrangements of the device parameters. Copyright ©2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

差分输入双积分电路在热电阻测温中的应用

针对常规分立双积分AD只能处理单端信号的问题,给出了一种输入和基准电压均支持差分信号的分立差分双积分AD;在热电阻测量中,把热电阻和基准电阻串联同一回路,以基准电阻压降作为基准,对热电阻的压降进行测量,并从软硬件两个方面对常见的误差因素进行对消处理;实验表明,该电路用于PT100测温时,跳字不超过0.1℃,精度可以达到±0.1℃,且对运放型号无特殊要求,是一种低成本、高精度的温度测量方案.     

共振隧穿器件应用电路概述——共振隧穿器件讲座(2)

在“共振隧穿器件概述”的基础上,对共振隧穿器件应用电路作了全面概括的介绍。首先对共振隧穿器件应用电路的特点、分类和发展趋势作了简述;进一步对由RTDH/EMT构成的单-双稳转换逻辑单元(MOBILE)和以它为基础构成的RTD应用电路,包括柔性逻辑、静态随机存储(SRAM)、神经元、静态分频器等电路的结构、工作原理和逻辑功能等进行了介绍。关于RTD/HEMT构成的更为复杂的电路,如多值逻辑、AD转换器以及RTD光电集成电路等将在本讲座最后部分进行讲解。     

RTD/HEMT单片集成中RTD直流参数与材料结构的关系

为了研究器件参数与材料结构的关系,设计了三种不同的GaAs基RTD材料结构。通过完全相同的器件制造工艺,研制出三种RTD器件,并测量了它们的9个直流参数。对测量结果进行了对比和分析。最后针对RTD与HEMT集成时,如何处理RTD与HEMT间的电流匹配问题提出了建议。