LaBGeO5 single crystals in glass and second-harmonic generation

Flower-shaped crystals with diameters of 100–200 μm consisting of LaBGeO₅ (LBGO) single crystals similar to petals were observed in the interior of transparent LBGO surface-crystallized glasses. Each flower-shaped crystal was radially grown from the surface of the included bubbles. A more intense second-harmonic generation was observed from the LBGO crystallized glasses with the flower-shaped LBGO single crystals compared to the samples without such crystals based on the Maker fringe technique and second-harmonic (SH) generation microscopy. The SH intensity for the flower-shaped LBGO single crystals monotonically decreased with increasing temperature up to 350 °C, less than the Curie temperature reported so far (530 °C). It is considered that the internal compressive stress induced by the difference in the thermal expansion between the LBGO single crystal and the corresponding glass affect the ferroelectric property of the flower-shaped LBGO single crystals in glass.     

Interplay between random laser performance and self-frequency conversions in NdxY1.00−xAl3(BO3)4 nanocrystals powders

Random Laser emission at 1.06 μm, self-second-harmonic generation at 0.53 μm and self-sum-frequency generation at 0.46 μm were investigated in Nd_xY_1.00−xAl₃(BO₃)₄ nanocrystalline powders, for 0.05 ⩽ x ⩽ 1.00, excited by a pulsed laser operating at 808 nm, focusing on the interplay between the RL performance and the second-order nonlinear processes. The RL performance, characterized by a figure-of-merit relating the laser slope efficiency and the excitation pulse energy threshold, improved as x increased up to 1.00 while the efficiency of the self-frequency conversion processes reduced for increasing x because of distortions introduced in the crystalline structure of the grains. The RL wavelength was also dependent on the Nd³⁺ concentration and presented a redshift from 1061.9 nm to 1063.5 nm for increasing values of x.     

抑制空间行波管三阶交调失真的信号注入技术

为了抑制空间行波管非线性特性产生的交调失真,本文通过理论分析、计算机仿真和实验验证,分别研究了谐波、交调和混合信号注入技术对空间行波管三阶交调（IM3）分量的抑制情况。实验结果表明：IM3注入技术能够得到25.2 dB的IM3最大抑制量,明显大于谐波注入技术的12.7 dB,两者对IM3失真分量的抑制效果都很良好,且就窄带空间行波管而言IM3注入技术比谐波注入技术更具优势。通过进一步仿真实验,证明双IM3注入技术可以在两个IM3频率处分别产生46 dB和53 dB的最佳抑制量,且混合注入谐波和交调信号也能最大抑制36.9 dB。     

Si(111)7×7表面Na沉积过程的光学二次谐波法研究

用原位光学二次谐波方法监测了室温时Na在Si(111)7×7表面沉积过程中的信号变化。室温下Na沉积量小于饱和单层时信号变化比较复杂,随Na沉积量的变化依次出现三个特征峰。覆盖度约0.45 ML时出现较弱的峰A,其产生可能与碱金属诱导的占据态F和没有被占据的态A间的跃迁所引起的共振增强有关;随后在约0.9 ML的覆盖度下出现峰B并在沉积量大于饱和单层后信号快速增大,形成陡峭的峰C。相测量表明峰B与峰C信号之间存在明显的相位差,说明两者的起源有不同之处。峰C的出现与等离激元的激发密切相关。在峰B所处的覆盖度下,二维及二维-三维过渡结构的存在可能产生两种以上不同起源的二次谐波信号,其相干叠加促成了峰B的出现。     

A frequency domain method for the measurement of nonlinearity in heterodyne interferometry

This paper presents a method for the measurement of nonlinearity in heterodyne interferometry which utilizes the frequency spectrum of the output of the photodetector for the direct measurement of the magnitudes of the first and second harmonic nonlinearities. The underlying theory and the experimental technique are discussed. Results showing the application of this technique for the determination of the influence of the azimuthal alignments of the polarization beamsplitter, the analyzer and measurement retroreflector are presented. The applicability of the technique to the in situ optimization of an interferometer system is demonstrated. It is shown that using this technique an interferometer system can be optimized to reduce the first-harmonic nonlinearity to below 0.5 nm p-p and the second harmonic nonlinearity to 2 nm p-p. This method is contrasted with other methods and the advantages conferred by the elimination of an external reference and the phase measuring electronics are highlighted.     

(2-Azoniaethyl)guanidinium dichloride – A promising phase-matchable NLO material employing a simple hydrogen bond acceptor in its structure

(2-Azoniaethyl)guanidinium dichloride (AEGCl), a salt of a functional guanidine derivative, was prepared and characterised by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis and by NMR, UV–Vis and vibrational spectroscopy. The crystal structure of AEGCl, which crystallises with the symmetry of the chiral space group P2₁, is built up via simple and multicentred NH⋯Cl hydrogen bonds and further supported by CH⋯Cl contacts. The compound is thermally robust and exhibits promising NLO properties with powder SHG efficiency better than potassium dihydrogen phosphate. In contrast, (2-azoniaethyl)guanidinium salts with inorganic oxoanions such as (2-azoniaethyl)guanidinium dinitrate and diperchlorate, synthesised for a comparison, form centrosymmetric crystal assemblies having several structurally independent “molecules” in their structures.     

Nonlinear optical active poly(adamantyl methacrylate-methyl vinyl urethane)s functionalised with phenyltetraene-bridged chromophore

Nonlinear optical (NLO) poly(adamantyl methacrylate-methylvinylurethane)s were prepared by functionalisation of adamantyl methacrylate vinyl isocyanate precursor polymers. A modified pathway to obtain phenyltetraene-bridged chromophore was worked out. Poled films of the polymers show high and very stable NLO response even at elevated temperatures.     

基于TDLAS烟道气在线检测系统的降噪技术

可调谐激光光谱（TDLAS）技术利用激光管的波长扫描实现痕量气体吸收曲线的二次谐波检测,具有响应时间短、检测灵敏度高、精度高等优点。但实际应用条件分析结果表明,烟道气在线检测中存在外界环境和系统本身引入的噪声。为了实现TDLAS检测方法的高精度、高灵敏度等优势,本文提出在检测系统中加入温度反馈,以减少高温环境带来的干扰,设计并采用双光路扣除背景,消除颗粒物及背景吸收干扰以及采用对激光管驱动电流进行高频调制来抑制系统噪声等3条主要的降噪途径。理论分析表明,这些措施可以降低环境干扰及系统噪声影响,有效提高检测精度。     

Efficient single-pass third-harmonic generation from 1560 nm to 520 nm for pumping doubly-resonant OPO

A ~545 mW single-frequency tunable 520 nm green laser has been demonstrated using a periodically-poled potassium titanyl phosphate (PPKTP) bulk crystal based on single-pass third-harmonic generation (THG) of a 1560 nm laser via single-pass second-harmonic generation (SHG) followed by single-pass sum-frequency generation (SFG). In single-pass SHG, two cascaded periodically-poled magnesium-oxide-doped lithium niobate (PPMgO:LN) crystals were used, and ~3.5 W of 780.25 nm doubled laser output is produced, corresponding to maximum doubling efficiency of 26.8%. The system can provide a pump source (520 nm) for an optical parametric oscillator for two-colour entangled continuous-variable optical field generation at 1560 and 780 nm and two-colour local oscillators for homodyne detection.