复合乳化沥青的粘附性试验方法研究

鉴于目前使用的阳离子乳化沥青粘附性试验方法难以有效评价复合乳化沥青粘附性，通过试验研究并综合考虑乳化沥青施工和路用实际情况，提出了乳化沥青水煮法试验方法和采用该方法检验复合乳化沥青粘附性时的评定标准。     

用于铁谱分析磁化液使用规范的研究

本文简述了铁谱分析技术和磁化液的基本原理。在大量试验的基础上，建立了用于铁谱分析技术磁化液的使用规范。     

Statistical prediction of fracture parameters of concrete and implications for choice of testing standard

This article shows how the fracture energy of concrete, as well as other fracture parameters such as the effective length of the fracture process zone, critical crack-tip opening displacement and the fracture toughness, can be approximately predicted from the standard compression strength, maximum aggregate size, water-cement ratio, and aggregate type (river or crushed). A database, consisting of 238 test data, is extracted from the literature and tabulated, and approximate mean prediction formulae calibrated by this very large data set are developed. A distinction is made between (a) the fracture energy, G_f, corresponding to the area under the initial tangent of the softening stress-separation curve of cohesive crack model, which governs the maximum loads of structures and is obtained by the size effect method (SEM) or related methods (Jenq-Shah two-parameter method and Karihaloo's effective crack model, ECM) and (b) the fracture energy, G_F, corresponding to the area under the complete stress-separation curve, which governs large postpeak deflections of structures and is obtained by the work-of-fracture method (WFM) proposed for concrete by Hillerborg. The coefficients of variation of the errors in the prediction formulae compared to the test data are calculated; they are 17.8% for G_f and 29.9% for G_F, the latter being 1.67 times higher than the former. Although the errors of the prediction formulae taking into account the differences among different concretes doubtless contribute significantly to the high values of these coefficients of variation, there is no reason for a bias of the statistics in favor of G_f or G_F. Thus, the statistics indicate that the fracture energy based on the measurements in the maximum load region is much less uncertain than that based on the measurement of the tail of the postpeak load-deflection curve. While both G_f and G_F are needed for accurate structural analysis, it follows that if the testing standard should measure, for the sake of simplicity, only one of these two fracture energies, then G_f is preferable.     

Auto CAD在电气工程中的应用概述

本文介绍了电气工程图的重要性,总结了Auto CAD绘制电气图的通用性及授课优势。然后通过完整的电气系统图实例证实了设计手法的应用。     

我国企业应收账款风险的成因分析及其防范措施

文章分析了应收账款风险产生的原因,指出产生应收账款风险的原因有＂销售部门与财务部门有效沟通及协调不足、企业内部激励机制单一,企业法律保护意识薄弱、催收方法不合理、减少存货、盲目追求片面的竞争,缺乏风险防范意识、信用管理制度的缺失、财务会计制度的某些条款不尽合理、企业的经营目的不明确＂。针对以上应收账款形成风险的原因,本文提出了＂加强销售与财务的共同管理,结‘对’管理、建立完善的信用管理体系、建立赊销审批制度、采取合理的催款程序及方法、掌握客户债务的动态变化、规避不合理的财务制度、从企业管理的角度看应收账款＂等防范措施。     

RFID and sensor integration standards: State and future prospects

In the last few years, the standards development community has seen an increasing interest in the link between sensor and RFID standards. Standardization bodies such as the ISO/IEC and the IEEE are developing new specifications or updating their existing ones to reflect this interest. During this process, collaborations that span throughout several standardization documents and bodies have emerged in order to avoid the duplication of efforts and to speed up the standardization process. In the ever complex standardization world, this interconnection of standards makes the current status of the process difficult to understand, specially when most of the documents are still in development and constantly being updated. In this paper, we aim to provide a clearer view of the state of the sensor and RFID integration standardization activities, highlighting the collaboration among standardization bodies and discussing how these standardization processes are likely to evolve.     

A theoretical investigation of the emerging standards for web services

Currently, standards for web services are being developed via three different initiatives (W3C, Semantic web services and ebXML). To the best of our knowledge, no theoretical perspectives underlie these standardization efforts. Without the benefit of a strong theoretical basis, the results, within and across these initiatives, have remained piecemeal. We suggest ‘Language–Action Theories’ as a plausible perspective that can effectively define, assess and refine web services standards. In this paper, we first investigate the existing initiatives to identify commonalities that point to theories of ‘Language–Action’ as an appropriate theoretical basis for web services standards. Next, we adapt work from these theories to develop a comprehensive reference framework for understanding web services standards. Finally, we use this reference framework to assess the three initiatives, and analyze the findings to provide insights for future development and refinement of web services standards.

数据挖掘的工业标准的现状和展望

简单介绍了数据挖掘的基本内容和作用,回顾了数据挖掘在国内的应用和发展情况,提出了数据挖掘的行业标准问题及标准制定的重要性。鉴于国内的数据挖掘行业尚未有相关的行业标准,简单介绍了几个目前国外比较流行的标准(PMML,OLEDBDM,CRISP-DM等)及行业标准制定中有待完善和发展的方面。     

The Department of Defense Human factors standardization program

The Department of Defense (DoD) Human Factors Standardization Program is the most far-reaching standardization programme in the USA. It is an integrated component of the overall DoD Standardization Program. While only ten major documents are contained in the human factors standardization area, their effects on human factors engineering programmes are profound and wide-ranging. Preparation and updating of the human engineering standardisation documents have grown out of the efforts of several military agencies, contractors, consultants, universities and individuals. New documents, engineering practice studies and revision efforts are continuously planned by the Tri-Service (Army, Navy, Air Force) Human Factors Standardization Steering Committee in collaboration with industry groups and technical societies. The present five-year plan and other standardisation documents are readily available for review and input by anyone with relevant interests. Human factors specialists and other readers of this journal may therefore influence the direction of the human factors standardisation programme and the content of its military specifications, standards and handbooks.