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A new class of bifunctional periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) composed of organosilicate building blocks with two different silicon sites have been synthesized from the single‐source bifunctional organosilica precursors tris(triethoxysilylethyl)ethoxysilane and bis(triethoxysilylethyl)diethoxysilane, respectively denoted MT3‐PMO and DT2‐PMO. The synthesis of these PMOs is achieved by the co‐assembly of a triblock‐copolymer Pluronic P123 template with the bifunctional organosilica precursor under acid‐catalyzed and inorganic‐salt‐assisted conditions. After template removal through solvent extraction, the MT3‐PMO and DT2‐PMO so obtained show well‐ordered mesopores and display large pore diameters (6–7 nm) and pore volumes (0.6–0.8 cm3 g–1) with a narrow pore‐size distribution and high surface areas (700–800 m3 g–1). 相似文献
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本文试图从系统整体及行业MIS建模方法出发,对国际函件处理信息系统进行了系统设计.在设计中,遵循了对象模板法的开发思想,采用了FoxPro与Excel相结合的技术.所开发出的系统功能较齐全,人权界面友好,具有一定的推广应用价值. 相似文献
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A generic method has been developed for the synthesis of crystalline metal nanowires or nanotubes (such as bismuth nanotubes, tungsten nanowires) from lamellar structures. In a typical process, lamellar surfactant/inorganic composite precursors are first prepared by reacting cationic or anionic surfactants with inorganic species under appropriate conditions. After treating these precursors by hydrothermal pyrolysis, or other processes, crystalline metallic nanotubes or nanowires are obtained. 相似文献
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T. Xu J. Stevens J.A. Villa J.T. Goldbach K.W. Guarini C.T. Black C.J. Hawker T.P. Russell 《Advanced functional materials》2003,13(9):698-702
Thin films of block copolymers have been used as templates and scaffolds for the fabrication of arrays of nanostructured materials. In general, a chemical modification of the film or the removal of one of the components by photodegradative methods is required to produce a nanoporous film that serves as a template or scaffold. Here, however, the preferential interaction of one of the components with a solvent is shown to produce a reconstruction of the block copolymer film that, upon drying, leads to the generation of a nanoporous template. The area density of the pores is identical to that of the original copolymer thin film. Since no chemical reactions occurr, the process is fully reversible. Upon heating the copolymer film above its glass‐transition temperature, mobility is imparted to the copolymer and the original copolymer film with oriented domains is recovered. The film reconstruction significantly simplifies the generation of nanoporous templates. 相似文献
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This article presents the first application of the Finite Calculus (FIC) in a Ritz-FEM variational framework. FIC provides a steplength parametrization of mesh dimensions, which is used to modify the shape functions. This approach is applied to the FEM discretization of the steady-state, one-dimensional, diffusion–absorption and Helmholtz equations. Parametrized linear shape functions are directly inserted into a FIC functional. The resulting Ritz-FIC equations are symmetric and carry a element-level free parameter coming from the function modification process. Both constant- and variable-coefficient cases are studied. It is shown that the parameter can be used to produce nodally exact solutions for the constant coefficient case. The optimal value is found by matching the finite-order modified differential equation (FOMoDE) of the Ritz-FIC equations with the original field equation. The inclusion of the Ritz-FIC models in the context of templates is examined. This inclusion shows that there is an infinite number of nodally exact models for the constant coefficient case. The ingredients of these methods (FIC, Ritz, MoDE and templates) can be extended to multiple dimensions 相似文献
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An explanation for the low innovation activity in construction is put forward. The central argument is that the current theory of construction is one root cause for low innovation activity. Instead, an explicit and more powerful theory of construction is needed for further innovation, which is ‘to manage new ideas into good currency’. There are three main mechanisms in the current theory of construction which are identified as causing this hindrance. Firstly, production theories in general, as well as construction theories specifically, have been implicit. Therefore, it has not been possible to transfer radical managerial innovations, such as lean production, from manufacturing to construction at a theoretical level. Direct application of this production template to construction has been limited due to the different context of construction in comparison with manufacturing. Secondly, the current theoretical model of construction is based on the transformation model of production. It is argued that the principles of this model are counterproductive, because uncertainty and interdependence are abstracted away. This leads to fragmented and myopic management and inflated variability. Practical examples show that these deficiencies and related practical constraints hinder the implementation of top-down innovations. Thirdly, empirical research shows that also bottom-up innovations - systematic learning and problem solving - are being hindered by the current theory. Thus, the advancement of innovations in construction requires that a new, explicit and valid theory of construction is created, and business models and control methods are developed on the basis of that new theory. Cet article propose une explication concernant le taux bas de l'activité d'innovation dans la secteur du bâtiment. L'argument central étant que la théorie actuelle de la construction est une des raisons fondamentales de cette activité basse d'innover. Au lieu de cela, on a besoin d'une théorie de la construction explicite et plus efficace afin d'innover. Dans la théorie actuelle du bâtiment, il y a trois mécanismes fondamentaux qui sont identifiés comme causes gênant cette innovation. Premièrement, les théories de production en général, ainsi que les théories de la construction en particulier, ont été implicites. Ainsi, il était impossible de transférer des innovations gestionnaires radicales, comme la production allégée (lean production), à partir du domaine de la fabrication à celui du bâtiment à un niveau théorique. L'application directe de ce modèle de production au secteur bâtiment a été limitée à cause du contexte différent de celui-ci en comparaison de celui de la fabrication. Deuxièmement, le modèle théorique actuel de la construction bâtiment est basé sur le modèle de la transformation de production. On avance que les principes de ce modèle agissent négativement sur la productivité parce que l'incertitude et l'interdépendance en sont exclues. Ceci mène à une gestion fragmentée et myope ainsi qu'à une inflation de la variabilité. Des exemples pratiques montrent que ces déficiences et les contraintes pratiques qui leur sont liées, gênent les implémentations des innovations de haut en bas. Troisièmement, une étude empirique montre que les innovations de bas en haut - c'est-à-dire l'apprentissage systématique et la résolution de problèmes - sont gênés par la théorie actuelle. Ainsi, le progrès dan les innovations du secteur bâtiment exige qu'une nouvelle théorie explicite et valide soit créée, et que des modèles d'affaires et des méthodes de contrôle soient développés sur la base de cette nouvelle théorie. 相似文献
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Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a common bio-adsorbent, which performance depends heavily upon its morphology and microporous structure. In this study, a novel synthesis strategy was proposed for hierarchical porous HAP microspheres by a simple “one-pot” hydrothermal reaction. In the strategy, L-glutamic acid serves as soft template to modulate the morphology and inner crystalline of HAP. To evaluate the application potential, doping Ni2+ on hierarchical porous HAP microspheres gives metal chelated affinity adsorbents. The prepared adsorbents show a perfect spherical shape, particles size of 96.6 μm, relatively specific surface area of 48.5 m2·g-1 and hierarchical pores (mesopores: 4 nm and macropores: 53 nm). By the adsorption evaluation, it reveals that the Ni2+-HAP adsorbents have high adsorption capacities of 275.11 and 97.55 m2·g-1 for hemoglobin and bovine serum albumin, respectively, which is comparable to other similar adsorbent. Therefore, this work provides a promising method for high-efficiency hydroxyapatite microspheres for proteins purification. 相似文献
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Huibin Sun Pingyu Jiang 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2007,34(7-8):790-798
To solve manufacturing information sharing and tracking problems, three key issues are discussed. Firstly, templates are used
to host manufacturing information, though they differ in their content and capacity. Secondly, the manufacturing information
sharing and controlling method (MISCM) locates every information item at a discrete point on the manufacturing information
plane according to its invisibility and unusability. And each user has several various privilege areas in the plane. According
to the mapping relationship between the information set and the discrete point set, every user is entitled to access some
information items. A template that contains these privileges is activated. Thirdly, when the manufacturing process is in progress,
templates are instantiated. Then, a time-dependent instantiated template net (TIT-net) emerges. Based on its searching algorithm,
information tracking is achieved through the history view and the in-time view. Finally, some examples show how these issues
work together to implement a fluent, controllable and dynamic manufacturing information tracking mechanism. 相似文献