Using active learning to adapt remote sensing image classifiers

The validity of training samples collected in field campaigns is crucial for the success of land use classification models. However, such samples often suffer from a sample selection bias and do not represent the variability of spectra that can be encountered in the entire image. Therefore, to maximize classification performance, one must perform adaptation of the first model to the new data distribution. In this paper, we propose to perform adaptation by sampling new training examples in unknown areas of the image. Our goal is to select these pixels in an intelligent fashion that minimizes their number and maximizes their information content. Two strategies based on uncertainty and clustering of the data space are considered to perform active selection. Experiments on urban and agricultural images show the great potential of the proposed strategy to perform model adaptation.     

碘代物杂质对TFT液晶性能的影响

为了研究碘代物杂质对TFT液晶性能的影响,设计了不同劣化条件下TFT液晶的保存实验,进行了碘代物掺杂的浓度梯度实验,测试了混晶VHR随碘代物浓度变化的趋势。实验结果表明:在UV照射和加电的劣化条件下,液晶中的碘代物杂质会发生分解,明显降低TFT液晶的VHR参数。液晶中碘代物杂质含量越高,TFT液晶在劣化条件下的稳定性就越差。在本实验条件下,2×10-5浓度的碘代物,已经对液晶可靠性产生明显不良影响。     

面向WTAs的VHR双臂避碰操控算法

针对虚拟仿人机器人（VHR）处理工作空间多目标区域（WTAs）避碰操控问题,先基于齐次变换矩阵和链式相乘法则,建立了VHR双臂机理正向运动学模型,进而推导了两种求解VHR双臂逆运动学的公式（DLS-SVD法和基于链式解耦的解析法）;其次,建立了WTAs的数学模型,并以WTAs位姿为操控目标,提出了融合正向和逆向运动学及其双向快速搜索随机树算法的VHR双臂避碰操控算法;最后,通过三维仿真建立VHR虚拟样机,验证了提出算法的正确性和有效性。     

Automatic segmentation of VHR images using type information of local structures acquired by mathematical morphology

The morphological profile (MP) and differential morphological profile (DMP) have been used extensively to acquire spatial information to be used in the segmentation of very high resolution (VHR) remotely sensed images. In most of the previous approaches, the maxima of the MP and DMP were investigated to estimate the best representative scale in the spatial domain for the pixel under consideration. Then, the object type (i.e. dark, bright or flat) was estimated based on the location of the maximum. Finally, the image segmentation was performed using the scale and type information as features. This approach usually causes over-segmentation. In this study, we also investigate the relevance of the DMP and the meaningful object types underlying the pixel of interest, however, instead of the maxima of the DMP, the type information is estimated using the whole DMP which is weighted by a weight function. Thus, the scale is not estimated directly but used indirectly in the estimation of the characteristic type for the object to which the pixel belongs. Then, the pixels are clustered based on their types only. The method has been applied to panchromatic high resolution QuickBird satellite images of the city of Ankara, Turkey. The results of the method were compared with previous studies and the proposed method seems to segment the images more precisely and semantically than the previous approaches.     

基于道路交叉点的高分辨率SAR图像道路提取

道路网络是城区SAR图像的重要组成部分,在灾后应急响应、图像匹配、GIS更新等方面有着重要作用。道路特征在高分辨率SAR图像上通常表现为区域特性,在道路片段的提取过程中会在道路交叉点附近发生断裂。提出一种道路片段连接的新方法。首先利用形态学处理提取道路交叉点,再利用道路交叉点将断裂的道路片段连接起来,从而提取出完整的道路网。使用0．5 m分辨率的机载SAR图像进行切片实验,结果证明该方法不仅可以有效地将断裂的道路片段连接起来,并且能够有效地去除误提取的非道路片段,得到与实际情况相符合的道路网络。实验表明,该方法具有良好的正确率和品质因数。     

高分辨率SAR图像中矩形建筑物特性分析与三维重建

近年来不断发展成熟的合成孔径雷达技术将获取的图像分辨率提高到分米级.在高分辨率条件下,建筑物在SAR图像上表现出的空间信息更加丰富,结构特征更加明显.首先提出了分解模型对高分辨SAR图像中矩形建筑物的特性进行详细分析.在此模型中,散射效应根据不同的贡献来源被细分,以便于解析建筑物图像特征在不同的SAR成像条件下的几何结构和空间分布规律.然后基于建筑物图像表征的结构先验,提出了一种新的单幅高分辨率SAR图像建筑物检测和3-D重建算法,其中包括模型匹配的图像特征的提取,以及先验引导的重建过程.最后,选用了实际高分辨率SAR图像进行建筑物检测和三维重建实验并对重建结果进行了讨论.     

色阻对残像影响的研究

本文通过色阻是否有离子析出,进而产生残像的验证,得出了色阻有离子的析出,从而对残像造成影响的结论。通过引入电压保持率VHR评价色阻材料,验证不同VHR色阻残像的表现,得出了电压保持率VHR越高,产品残像表现越好的结论。为实际生产应用色阻材料的选用提供了参考。     

Object-oriented mapping of landslides using Random Forests

Landslide inventory mapping is an indispensable prerequisite for reliable hazard and risk analysis, and with the increasing availability of very high resolution (VHR) remote sensing imagery the creation and updating of such inventories on regular bases and directly after major events is becoming possible. The diversity of landslide processes and spectral similarities of affected areas with other landscape elements pose major challenges for automated image processing, and time-consuming manual image interpretation and field surveys are still the most commonly applied mapping techniques. Taking advantage of recent advances in object-oriented image analysis (OOA) and machine learning algorithms, a supervised workflow is proposed in this study to reduce manual labor and objectify the choice of significant object features and classification thresholds. A sequence of image segmentation, feature selection, object classification and error balancing was developed and tested on a variety of sample datasets (Quickbird, IKONOS, Geoeye-1, aerial photographs) of four sites in the northern hemisphere recently affected by landslides (Haiti, Italy, China, France). Besides object metrics, such as band ratios and slope, newly introduced topographically-guided texture measures were found to enhance significantly the classification, and also feature selection revealed positive influence on the overall performance. With an iterative procedure to examine the class-imbalance within the training sample it was furthermore possible to compensate spurious effects of class-imbalance and class-overlap on the balance of the error rates. Employing approximately 20% of the data for training, the proposed workflow resulted in accuracies between 73% and 87% for the affected areas, and approximately balanced commission and omission errors.     

负性液晶材料电压保持率的研究

电压保持率(VHR)是表征液晶材料信赖性特性的重要参数之一,液晶材料的线残像特性与VHR相关。本文着重探讨了负性液晶材料在搭配不同PI材料,在不同电压、不同温度时VHR的表现。通过使用由不同PI材料制备的测试盒测量液晶材料在不同电压和温度下的VHR,从而得出负性液晶材料在不同条件下VHR的变化趋势。实验结果表明,测试盒的VHR值受到液晶材料和PI材料的共同影响。|Δε|较大的液晶材料VHR相对较低。在常温时,伴随充电电压升高,测试盒VHR呈下降趋势;而在高温时趋势相反,伴随充电电压升高,VHR呈上升趋势。|Δε|较高的液晶材料含有较多极性成分,易出现相对较低的VHR。常温时,离子运动较慢,伴随充电电压升高测试盒离子析出持续增加,离子析出增加会使测试盒VHR呈下降趋势。而高温时,离子活性较强,测试盒会析出大量离子,而大量离子不纯物的存在会使液晶盒在充电放时产生直流电残留,伴随充电电压升高,直流电残留电会更加严重,因此导致测试盒伴随VHR呈上升趋势。