The Logarithmic Image Processing Model: Connections with Human Brightness Perception and Contrast Estimators

The logarithmic image processing (LIP) model is amathematical framework based on abstract linear mathematicswhich provides a set of specific algebraic and functionaloperations that can be applied to the processing of intensityimages valued in a bounded range. The LIP model has been provedto be physically justified in the setting of transmitted lightand to be consistent with several laws and characteristics ofthe human visual system. Successful application examples havealso been reported in several image processing areas, e.g.,image enhancement, image restoration, three-dimensional imagereconstruction, edge detection and image segmentation.The aim of this article is to show that the LIP model is atractable mathematical framework for image processing which isconsistent with several laws and characteristics of humanbrightness perception. This is a survey article in the sensethat it presents (almost) previously published results in arevised, refined and self-contained form. First, an introductionto the LIP model is exposed. Emphasis will be especially placedon the initial motivation and goal, and on the scope of themodel. Then, an introductory summary of mathematicalfundamentals of the LIP model is detailed. Next, the articleaims at surveying the connections of the LIP model with severallaws and characteristics of human brightness perception, namelythe brightness scale inversion, saturation characteristic, Weber'sand Fechner's laws, and the psychophysical contrast notion. Finally,it is shown that the LIP model is a powerful and tractable framework for handling the contrast notion. This is done througha survey of several LIP-model-based contrast estimators associated with special subparts (point, pair of points,boundary, region) of intensity images, that are justified bothfrom a physical and mathematical point of view.     

专用超大规模集成电路在LED显示系统中的应用

自1976年蒙特利尔奥运会采用了第一块黑白视频显示屏以来，各种大屏幕特别是LED显示屏得到了迅猛发展，在现代信息社会中更是随处可见。在这些显示系统中，应用了大量的不同种类的集成电路作为驱动芯片。本文叙述了运用于LED显示系统中的超大规模集成电路的强大功能。     

Effects of surrounding brightness on visual search for safety colors

The present article reports the investigation of the effects of surrounding brightness on a visual search for three safety colors: red, orange, and yellow. Images of visual stimuli consisting of an array of colored circles placed on a large visual field (a visual angle of 40°) were displayed on an 80‐in. screen with a DLP projector. Experiment I examined the search efficiency under three levels of background luminance that were equivalent to the three target luminances. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased, under each of the background luminance levels, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for the red and yellow targets. Although a reduction in background luminance increased the search efficiency for the orange target, it is suggested that the effect of background luminance is smaller than the effect of the target color in search efficiency. Experiment II examined the search efficiency under three conditions of low levels of incident illuminance, which were matched with a linear regression to the luminance of color chips of safety colors measured twilight conditions. The results showed that the search efficiency for the orange target decreased as the number of distractors increased under each of the different illuminance conditions, whereas the efficiency scarcely decreased for red and yellow targets. Furthermore, as illuminance decreased, the search time for the orange target was more greatly impacted than for red or yellow. These results imply that the recognition of orange tends to be influenced by the surrounding brightness. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 400–409, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20152     

Complexity of the color appearance of objects with nonuniform illumination

An inversion relationship is clarified between lightness and brightness, and also between chroma and colorfulness under nonuniform illumination with different illuminance levels (high and low) within the same visual field. Brightness (or colorfulness) of object color with low lightness (or chroma) under high illuminance level is perceived higher than that of another object color with high lightness (or chroma) under low illuminance level. Two color images are given for showing the inversion phenomena on brightness–lightness and colorfulness–chroma between object colors under different illuminance levels. These color images are useful for making researchers on color understand the differences in concept between brightness and lightness, and also between colorfulness and chroma. In particular, the concept of colorfulness is important, but difficult to understand. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 372–377, 2007     

Development of a dual‐lamp projector with higher brightness

Stationary projectors mainly used in system applications have recently gained a wider application range, including general presentations in halls and large conference rooms and being used, for example, in digital signage and for monitoring purposes. Consequently, they are required to meet new market demands for durability, reliability, and flexibility in installation in addition to their conventional basic performance such as especially high brightness. To achieve especially high brightness, a new optical system with two lamps is proposed; the profile of the cover glass that prevents the glass from scattering is made aspherical, the profile of the beam‐combining mirror is improved with its position optimized, and the size of the incident plane of the integrator rod is made larger (1.1 times). These measures resulted in an optical system of an even higher efficiency with 7000 lm, which is the highest in its class (according to a June 2010 investigation). Also, the arrangement of two parallel lamps completely eliminated the effect of heat passing from one lamp to the other, which helped secure durability, reliability, and flexibility in installation. Furthermore, the combined use of the unique non‐telecentric optical system, adopted from the conventional single‐lamp model, helps maintain the class‐highest contrast ratio.^1,2     

荧光夜明氟碳漆的制备

通过对比树脂种类、发光材料粒径和添加量、涂膜厚度等因素对涂膜余辉亮度的影响,得出荧光夜明氟碳漆的最佳配方。     

一种增加LED照明时序彩色投影系统亮度的方法

基于微型投影显示的色域特性和色彩实现机制,提出了一种提高微型投影系统亮度的方法。在基色子帧中引入其它基色,实现基色坐标的变换,再对微型投影系统亮场白平衡,分析并比较系统在绿色基色校正前后的性能。从理论分析了各色LED的最大工作电流、各基色色坐标和白场色坐标对通过基色校正提高亮度效果的影响。将该方法应用于实验室研发的微型投影系统,在保证系统显示性能的同时,亮度有了25.24%的提升。     

双等离子体离子源的工作特性

针对双等离子体离子源受气压、磁场强度和放电电流影响,产生的O-离子束亮度不稳定的问题,设计并搭建了一套用于测试离子束亮度的离子光学系统,以SHRIMP II上的双等离子体离子源为对象,通过实验和仿真模拟分别研究了气压、磁场强度和放电电流对O-离子束亮度的影响规律。结果表明:该离子源能够稳定地工作在放电电流大于50 m A,气压为110~170 m Torr(1Torr=133.322 Pa)的条件下;当气压为140 m Torr、放电电流为200 m A、磁场强度为0.25 T时,获得的O-离子束亮度能够达到52.4 A/(cm2·sr)。合理控制离子源工作参数,可以增大O-离子束亮度,提高二次离子质谱的横向分辨率和灵敏度。     

视觉检测系统中亮度不均匀背景的一种去除方法

刀具形状视觉检测系统中，照明不均匀对测量结果影响很大。针对这种情况，提出了基于二维二阶多项式拟合并去除不均匀背景的方法。遵循最小均方程差原理，给出了二维二阶拟合的矩阵表达式。在编制的程序中，拟合点以人机交互形式由鼠标点击选出，程序自动记录所选点的图象人材与亮度值信息，然后拟合出背景曲面，并以二值图象形式给出去除背景后的目标图象。对一幅光照模型未知的网络图象进行了背景去除，实验结果良好。     

高耐蚀性和全光亮化学镀Ni-P合金的研究

本文对化学镀Ni-P合金的工艺参数进行研究，确定了最佳工艺条件，采用扫描电镜、电子探针、X射线衍射仪对镀层的成分和组织结构进行分析，得到Ni-P非晶态合金层。试验表明：镀层在15％H2SO4和10％HCI溶液中，具有优良的耐蚀性，其外观有较好的光亮性。