Normalized Efficient Routing Protocol for WSN

WSNs （wireless sensor networks） consist of thousands of tiny nodes having the capability of sensing, computation, and wireless communications. Unfortunately these devices are limited energy devices, that is means we must save energy as much as possible, to increase network life time as long as possible. In this paper we introduce NEER--normalized energy efficient routing protocol that increases network life time through switching between AODV protocol that depends on request-reply routing, and MRPC that depends on residual battery in routing.     

基于蚁群优化的AdHoc网络生存时间和其他网络性能平衡路由协议

本文提出了基于蚁群优化(ACO)算法的Ad Hoc网络生存时间和其他网络性能平衡路由协议(ABEAR)。协议按需发送人工蚂蚁进行路由发现,综合节点残留的信息素浓度、下一跳节点剩余能量、节点周围链路质量和拥塞情况选择下一跳节点来转发数据包,尽量避开信道使用频率较高的路径,减少了因信道冲突、数据包丢失和数据包重传所造成的能量损失,还缩短了网络传输时延,提高了网络吞吐量。协议还采用跨层机制根据MAC层通信活动情况,在保证网络连通性的前提下使部分空闲节点转入睡眠状态来节省能量消耗。仿真表明,与AODV协议相比,ABEAR协议在网络生存时间、数据包交付率和端到端平均时延方面均有较大改善。     

异构计算系统中弹性节能调度策略研究

目前,节能已成为异构计算系统中减少电量开销、提高系统可靠性和保护环境的重要研究内容.传统的节能调度策略侧重于研究如何节能而忽略了用户对任务完成时间的期望,使得任务执行效果受到较大影响.特别是当系统负载较重时,由于电压调节缺乏自适应性,导致在某些情况下(如应急服务)的任务执行效果不可容忍.文中提出一种弹性节能调度策略(Elastic Energy-Aware Scheduling,EEAS),用于动态调度异构计算系统中非周期、独立任务.EEAS策略根据系统负载情况在系统节能与用户期望之间进行权衡,即当系统负载较重时,EEAS优先考虑用户期望,通过动态调整计算节点局部队列中等待任务的执行电压提高任务完成率;当系统负载较轻时,EEAS在尽量满足用户期望的基础上最大限度地降低任务执行电压以实现节能.文中通过大量的模拟实验比较了EEAS、GEA、HVEA和LVEA的性能.实验结果表明,EEAS的调度质量优于其他策略,可有效提高系统弹性.     

多核系统中基于Global EDF 的在线节能实时调度算法

随着多核系统能耗问题日益突出,在满足时间约束条件下降低系统能耗成为多核实时节能调度研究中亟待解决的问题之一.现有研究成果基于事先已知实时任务属性的假设,而实际应用中,只有当任务到达之后才能够获得其属性.为此,针对一般任务模型,不基于任何先验知识提出一种多核系统中基于Global EDF在线节能硬实时任务调度算法,通过引入速度调节因子,利用松弛时间,结合动态功耗管理和动态电压/频率调节技术,降低多核系统中任务的执行速度,达到实时约束与能耗节余之间的合理折衷.所提出的算法仅在上下文切换和任务完成时进行动态电压/频率调节,计算复杂度小,易于在实时操作系统中实现.实验结果表明,该算法适用于不同类型的片上动态电压/频率调节技术,节能效果始终优于Global EDF算法,最多可节能15％～20％,最少可节能5％～10％.     

On-Demand Utility-Based Power Control Routing for Energy-Aware Optimization in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we propose a novel on-demand energy-aware routing protocol, UBPCR [utility-based power control routing], which reduces the trade-offs that arise in the other energy-aware route selection mechanisms that have recently been proposed for mobile ad hoc networks. Our approach is based on an economic framework that represents the degree of link's satisfaction (utility). With UBPCR, the utility function for any transmitter-receiver pair is defined as a measure of the link's preference regarding the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR), the transmit power, and the transmitter's residual battery capacity. During a route-searching process, each intermediate node between the source and the destination is executed via two consecutive phases: the scheduling phase and the transmit power control phase. The scheduling algorithm finds the proper qualified data slot for the receiving channel so that the transmissions of independent transmitters can be coordinated. The transmit power control determines the optimal power, if one exists, that maximizes the corresponding link's utility. Extensive simulations show that the UBPCR protocol can achieve incompatible goals simultaneously and fairly. Chan-Ho Min received the B.S. degree in Industrial Management and the M.S. degree in Industrial Engineering from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in 2000 and 2002, respectively, where he is currently pursuing the doctoral degree in Industrial Engineering (Telecommunication Engineering Interdisciplinary Program) at KAIST. His research interests include the optimization problems of radio resource management for broadband wireless/cellular/ad hoc/satellite communication networks. In particular, he focuses on mobile ad hoc networking. Sehun Kim received the B.S. degree in Physics from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, and the M.S .and Ph.D. degrees in Operations Research from Stanford University. In 1982, he joined the faculty of the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), where he is currently a Professor of Industrial Engineering. His research has been in the areas of combinatorial and nonlinear optimization. Recently, he is working on the application of optimization techniques to the design and analysis of computer and communication systems. He has published a number of papers in Mathematical Programming, Operations Research Letters, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, IEEE Trans. on Vehicular Technology, and International Journal of Satellite Communications.     

Lifetime maximization energy-aware routing protocol for route optimization to improve quality of service in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are part of the short-term networks, including sensitivity, computation, and Wi-Fi connectivity capability. Many routing, range management, and log transfer protocols are specifically designed for WSN. The previous method showed less efficiency in routing management. The proposed lifetime maximization energy-aware routing protocol (LTMEARP) protocol is known for its high routing efficiency, giving a higher lifetime and throughput performance. The requirement for a routing system approach is advanced with Internet service provider's protocols by recalculating the routing table after the link stage's substitution worldwide, leading to responses and connection failures by sharing important data after traffic. LTMEARP routing protocol has assured high availability routing performances during traffic conditions. LTMEARP support sends homogeneous and expanded nodes. Analyze a new approach to routing-based selection algorithms for homogeneous node WSNs. The number of connections is limited and must be adjusted using separate paths and header packets to meet the user's network access location. The results show that the LTMEARP has achieved quality without introducing excessive network access program overhead, which deals with the study of communication and the benefits and problems with the performance of each routing technology.     

无线传感器网络能量多路径路由研究

研究了无线传感器分层网络模型及能量多路径路由机制．为解决现有协议的缺陷，提出了改进型能量多路径路由协议(IMP-EA)，建立了路由算法．以网络寿命和丢包率作为评价指标，对改进型能量多路径路由协议和其它3种路由协议进行了仿真实验．仿真结果表明，改进后的协议有效地延长了网络的生存时间，提高了数据转发效率．     

多处理器系统的在线节能调度算法

随着多处理器系统计算性能的提高,能耗管理已变得越来越重要,如何满足实时约束并有效降低能耗成为实时调度中的一个重要问题。基于多处理器计算系统,针对随机到达的任务,提出一种在线节能调度算法(OLEAS)。该算法在满足任务截止期限的前提下,尽量将任务调度到产生能耗最少的处理器,当某个任务在所有处理器上都不能满足截止期限要求时,则调整处理器之间的部分任务,使之尽量满足截止期限要求。同时,OLEAS尽量使单个处理器上的任务按平均电压/频率执行,以降低能耗,只有当新到任务不满足截止期限要求时,才逐个调高前面任务的电压/频率。模拟实验比较了OLEAS、最早完成时间优先(EFF)、最高电压节能(HVEA)、最低电压节能(LVEA)、贪心最小能耗(MEG)和最小能耗最小完成时间(ME-MC)的性能,结果表明OLEAS在满足任务截止期限和节省能耗方面具有明显的综合优势     

Implementing factory demand response via onsite renewable energy: a design-of-experiment approach

This paper proposes the implementation of demand response (DR) programmes in large manufacturing facilities featuring distributed wind and solar energy. Manufacturing facilities are high consumers of electric power. For this reason, these facilities usually pay exorbitant utility bills, which could be as much as $10–20 million per year. A high consumption of electricity also means that upstream fossil-fuelled power plants must release thousands of metric tonnes of carbon annually during the generation of electricity. DR contracts offer a lower utility rate in return for a load reduction during contingent events (i.e. peak hours). This paper covers the modelling and implementation of an interruptible/curtailable DR programme participated by a manufacturer that possesses onsite renewable generation units. These complementary energy resources allow the manufacturer to meet the curtailment requirements without causing any major electricity shortage that adversely affects the normal production schedule. We developed a stochastic programming model to determine the capacity of the wind turbine and solar panels that maximise the DR programme savings. The optimal solutions are derived based on central composite design methodology.     

互联网路由设备与协议节能研究综述

 当前互联网规模正随着用户数量的快速增长和网络应用的不断丰富而迅速扩大.互联网在追求高性能和高可靠性目标的同时带来了巨大能耗和能量使用低效等新问题,不但增加了互联网营运成本、制约其规模扩展,而且其碳足迹的快速增长加剧了对环境的破坏影响,为此研究人员已经提出了多种应用于互联网的节能技术.本文首先概述互联网节能的意义、可行性以及研究范围;之后聚焦于互联网路由设备节能技术和节能路由协议,对其中典型的方案进行综述、分析和比较;同时给出路由设备能耗模型,并利用权衡分析手段来指导互联网路由设备和协议的节能研究;最后结合当前研究存在的问题和难点,指出该领域下一步研究的重点与方向.