Good dielectric performance and broadband dielectric polarization in Ag,Nb co-doped TiO2

Due to the demand of miniaturization and integration for ceramic capacitors in electronic components market, TiO₂-based ceramics with colossal permittivity has become a research hotspot in recent years. In this work, we report that Ag⁺/Nb⁵⁺ co-doped (Ag_1/4Nb_3/4)_xTi_1−xO₂ (ANTOx) ceramics with colossal permittivity over a wide frequency and temperature range were successfully prepared by a traditional solid–state method. Notably, compositions of ANTO0.005 and ANTO0.01 respectively exhibit both low dielectric loss (0.040 and 0.050 at 1 kHz), high dielectric permittivity (9.2 × 10³ and 1.6 × 10⁴ at 1 kHz), and good thermal stability, which satisfy the requirements for the temperature range of application of X9R and X8R ceramic capacitors, respectively. The origin of the dielectric behavior was attributed to five dielectric relaxation phenomena, i.e., localized carriers' hopping, electron–pinned defect–dipoles, interfacial polarization, and oxygen vacancies ionization and diffusion, as suggested by dielectric temperature spectra and valence state analysis via XPS; wherein, electron-pinned defect–dipoles and internal barrier layer capacitance are believed to be the main causes for the giant dielectric permittivity in ANTOx ceramics.     

Nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon obtained via single step method for high performance supercapacitors

In the present work, nitrogen doped hierarchically activated porous carbon (APC) samples have been synthesized via single step scalable method using ethylene di-amine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as precursor and KOH as activating agent. Activated porous carbons with different pore sizes have been developed by varying the activation temperature. SEM, TEM and SAXS analysis suggest that with variation of activation temperature, a hierarchical porous structure with interconnected meso-pore and micro pores has been achieved. The sufficiently high surface area of the synthesized materials provides active sites to enhance the diffusion of ions between the electrolyte and the carbon electrodes. The electrode prepared at 800 °C activated sample exhibited highest specific capacitance of 274 Fg^-1 in two electrode setup, at a current density of 0.1 Ag^-1 in 1 M aqueous H₂SO₄. Along with this, it showed maximum energy density of 9.5 Whkg^?1 at a power density of 64.5 Wkg^-1. The remarkable electrochemical performance reveals that the synthesized nitrogen doped activated carbon electrodes derived from EDTA can be tuned to have optimum pore structure and pore size distribution for better electrochemical performance, so it can be considered as a potential electrode material for applications in electrochemical energy storage.     

Modeling the effect of deep traps on the capacitance–voltage characteristics of p-type Si-doped GaAs Schottky diodes grown on high index GaAs substrates

Numerical simulation, using SILVACO-TCAD, is carried out to explain experimentally observed effects of different types of deep levels on the capacitance–voltage characteristics of p-type Si-doped GaAs Schottky diodes grown on high index GaAs substrates. Two diodes were grown on (311)A and (211)A oriented GaAs substrates using Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE). Although, deep levels were observed in both structures, the measured capacitance–voltage characteristics show a negative differential capacitance (NDC) for the (311)A diodes, while the (211)A devices display a usual behaviour. The NDC is related to the nature and spatial distribution of the deep levels, which are characterized by the Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) technique. In the (311)A structure only majority deep levels (hole traps) were observed while both majority and minority deep levels were present in the (211)A diodes. The simulation, which calculates the capacitance–voltage characteristics in the absence and presence of different types of deep levels, agrees well with the experimentally observed behaviour.     

Topology optimization for crashworthiness of thin-walled structures under axial crash considering nonlinear plastic buckling and locations of plastic hinges

Although topology optimization is established for linear static problems, more effort is required for solving nonlinear plastic problems. A new topology optimization approach with equivalent static loads (ESLs) is suggested to find the optimum topologies and locations of plastic hinges of thin-walled crash boxes by considering crash-induced deformation, the main crash energy-absorbing mechanism. Together with finite element method crashworthiness analyses, considering all nonlinearities with rate-dependent plasticity, the method was developed using an appropriate time-incremental scheme of ESLs without removing any high values of loads. Analyses show that the crash boxes with optimum topologies have energy-absorbing capabilities equivalent to the original structure. The proposed method is evaluated for two crashes: a crash box at low speed and a double cell subjected to high-speed collision. The results indicate that this method captures nonlinear crushing behaviours and accurate locations of plastic hinges where, if proper reinforcements are made, energy absorption can be enhanced.     

Toughness enhancement and equivalent initial fracture toughness of cementitious composite reinforced with aligned steel fibres

Based on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the impact of steel fibres on the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip for cementitious composite was studied. The enhanced toughness of steel fibre reinforced cementitious composite (SFRC) in resisting cracks was explained by the decrement of SIF caused by steel fibre inclusions at the crack tip of the composite. The equivalent initial fracture toughness was used to characterize the crack initiation of SFRC. A simplified method for determining the of SFRC was proposed based on a linear regression method. Fracture tests were conducted on three‐point bending notched beams with different steel fibre volume fractions and specimen sizes to study the crack initiation behaviour of aligned steel fibre reinforced cementitious composite (ASFRC). of ASFRC was calculated, and the size effect of was analysed. The results showed that slightly increased with the steel fibre volume fraction and gradually became stable. For the tested specimens, whose heights varied between 40 and 100 mm, the specimen size had little impact on the .     

超高压大容量铝电解电容器的研制

分析了大功率设备用超高压大容量铝电解电容器的特点,通过研制工作电解液、制订制作工艺及零部件设计方案,研制出的超高压大容量铝电解电容器具有损耗角正切小(tgδ为0.25)、承受纹波电流能力强(100 Hz,2.12～27.8 A)及寿命长的特点,耐久性达到85℃,5 000 h。     

超宽带极窄脉冲设计与产生

超宽带(UWB)技术是以持续时间极短的脉冲作为传输载体进行数据通信的无线新技术。基于BJT雪崩特性,本文采用并行同时触发的工作方式,设计并产生了高重复速率的UWB脉冲电路发生器,极大地减少了时延,缩短了上升时间,提高了脉冲的幅度,并从等效电路法的观点分析计算了脉冲的特性参数,理论结果与实测结果具有较好的一致性。     

新型毫米波微带带通滤波器

介绍了一种新型的加载电容型毫米波微带带通滤波器。对这种滤波器进行了分析,推导出了滤波器中所用谐振单元间的耦合系数。该滤波器通过加载电容而出现慢波效应,使得在不改变电路性能的情况下,减小了电路尺寸。同时由于电路中加载电容形成的慢波效应而出现了带阻效应,因此对谐波有很好的抑制作用。利用高频分析软件CST仿真分析并设计了这种新型的加载电容型毫米波微带带通滤波器,实验结果与设计曲线结果相符。     

交通平衡分配下的公路桥收费策略

假定一个城市被一条河流分为两部分（如我国的武汉，重庆等市），河上至少架设了两座公路桥梁，本文研究在交通平衡状态下，怎样制定车辆过桥梁的收费水平，使获得的总收入最大，乘客的总行驶时间最少，对多车种问题，研究了等价的数学模型和算法。还对一个含两座桥梁与三种车型的简单算例，进行了计算与分析。     

点阴极电场辅助阳极连接中的紧密接触面积和电流

用等效电路的方法研究了点阴极情况下的电场辅助阳极连接效应，计算了连接电流，连接孕育期和紧密接触面积，本文结果表明，连接初期电流迅速衰减，随后缓慢变小，直至某一稳定值，孕育期随温度上升指数下降，连接温度高时，孕育期将难以观察到；待连接表面之间紧密接触面积随时间延长而非线性扩展，紧密接触区域增大时，其边界向外推进速度渐小，而接触面积增加渐快。