综采工作面粉尘防治问题分析与技术改进

针对新桥煤矿2301综采工作面机载喷雾系统喷雾效果差、喷雾耗水量大造成煤质含水量超标、喷嘴雾化程度不高、喷嘴容易发生堵塞等问题,提出了高压喷雾系统设计方案,选择了1.2mm的锥形引射喷嘴和1.5mm的扇形引射喷嘴。采用固定水泵供水方式,结合工作面实际情况,计算出喷雾总用水量247.5L/min,提高了喷雾射程,提升了除尘效果。     

煤矿井下高压降尘供水系统监控装置的研制

根据煤矿井下高压降尘系统对供水的要求,研制了一种基于PIC18F4580单片机的井下高压降尘供水系统监控装置,介绍了该装置的硬件和软件设计。该装置可实时监测水箱水位、压力、运行状态,并可将这些保护状态信息通过CAN总线接口和转换单元并入煤矿监测监控网,实现远程监测。实验结果表明,该监控装置达到了设计要求,能保证高压降尘供水系统的实时监测与安全运行。     

Mineral nutrition of slash pine in subtropical Australia. II. foliar nutrient response to fertilization

In the previous paper, we reported the stand growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) during the first 11.5 years of plantation in response to (1) initial fertilization at plantation establishment with P rates of 11, 22, 45 and 90 kg P ha^–1 which were either banded or broadcast in the presence or absence of basal fertilizers containing 50 kg N ha^–1, 50 kg K ha^–1 and 5 kg Cu ha^–1 and (2) application of additional 40 kg P ha^–1 at age 10 years. Here we present the responses in foliar nutrient concentrations of slash pine in the first 11.5 years to the initial fertilization and the additional P applied at age 10 years.Foliar N and K concentrations in the first 9.6 years of plantation decreased with the initial P rate. Application of the basal fertilizers improved foliar Cu concentration. Foliar Ca and Mg concentrations increased linearly with the initial P rate. The initial fertilization did not affect foliar Mn concentration in the first 9.6 years. Foliar P concentration increased quadratically with the initial P rate, which accounted for 77–86% of the variation in foliar P concentration. Most of the explained variation in foliar nutrient concentrations was attributable to the plantation age except for foliar P concentration. In the case of foliar P concentration, 53% was explained by the initial P rate, 31% by the plantation age and 2% by the positive interaction between the initial P rate and the plantation age. Foliar P concentration of slash pine at age 11.5 years increased quadratically with the initial P rate and linearly with the additional 40 kg P ha^–1 applied at age 10 years, accounting for 81% of the variation in the foliar P concentration. Foliar nutrient analysis indicated that P was the major limiting nutrient affecting the stand growth of slash pine in the first 11.5 years.     

Foliar fertilization of high-yielding peanuts during the pod-filling period

A 2-year field experiment was carried out in a sandy soil (Xeropsament-Torripsament) at Nir Yizhaq, Israel, where commercially grown peanut plants were sprayed with different NPKS solutions during the pod-filling period. All foliar sprays were applied in addition to the fertilizer which had been added to the soil before planting. The differences in yield between the treatments were not significant in either year. In the first year, there was a tendency toward increased yields of pods (up to 13%) and of hay (up to 16%) when four foliar fertilizer applications (10 kg N, 1 kg P, 3 kg K and 0.5 kg S/ha/application) were given, at one-week intervals. N was added mainly as urea, P and K as potassium polyphosphate, and S as ammonium sulphate. In the second year, the highest yield was obtained in the control plots and the differences between the treatments were not significant. Utilization of foliar nutrient application seems to be dependent upon availability of these nutrients in the soil.Contribution from the Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel. No. 1976-E. 1087 series.     

施磷方式对蓖麻生长和铅积累的影响

采用盆栽实验研究了土壤重金属铅污染下（1 000mg·kg-1）,磷肥根施和根施配合叶面喷施两种方式对能源作物蓖麻生长和铅积累特征的影响。结果表明,根施磷肥对蓖麻形态和生物量影响很小,而根施配合叶面喷施显著地提高了蓖麻总生物量。根施磷肥降低了蓖麻地下部对铅的富集,根施配合叶面喷施则大幅度提高了蓖麻叶片对铅的积累量,从而提高了蓖麻地上部的铅积累量,两者与对照相比分别提高了90.01%和79.40%。磷肥根施配合叶面喷施对蓖麻铅富集系数影响很小,但大大提高了转运系数,达0.549,是对照的1.91倍。因此,适当的磷肥根施配合叶面喷施可以有效提高蓖麻铅从根系到地上部的转移能力,从而提高蓖麻对土壤铅的萃取能力和修复效果。     

利用统计和物理模型反演植被叶片生化组分

通过比较统计模型、物理模型以及两者的联合模型在反演鲜叶片生化组分含量时的效果，结果表明，对于叶绿素知水份含量。物理模型的反演效果较好，对于蛋白质、纤维素 木质素含量，统计模型的反演效果相对较好，由物理模型改造得到的三种联合模型，能在一定程度上提高物理模型反演蛋白质、纤维素 木质素含量的精度，但和利用统计模型良演这两种生化组分的结果比较，改进作用并不明显。对于不同样本组叶片生化组分含量，不同模型反演效果均存在一定差异，统计模型存在的差异相对较大。     

Endotoxin levels in settled airborne dust in European schools: the HITEA school study

Indoor exposure to microbial agents is known to influence respiratory health. Besides home exposure, exposure in schools can affect respiratory health. In this study, we measured endotoxin in settled dust in primary schools in three European countries from three different geographical regions with different climates. Our aim was to characterize endotoxin levels in primary schools and evaluate associations with potential determinants. Endotoxin levels were repeatedly assessed in 23 schools in Spain (n = 7), the Netherlands (n = 10), and Finland (n = 6) using electrostatic dustfall collectors. In total, 645 measurements were taken in 237 classrooms. Endotoxin levels differed significantly between countries; Dutch schools had the highest levels, while Finnish schools showed the lowest levels. In each country, differences in endotoxin levels were observed between schools and over the sampling periods. Estimates improved after adjustment for sampling period. Factors affecting endotoxin levels in a school differed per country. In general, endotoxin levels were higher in lower grades and in classrooms with higher occupancy. School endotoxin levels may contribute significantly to total endotoxin exposure in children and teachers. As the correlation between the repeated measurements is reasonable, single endotoxin measurements form a reasonable basis for estimating annual endotoxin levels in schools.     

新型高蛋白富硒叶面肥对潍县萝卜品质影响

目的：利用研发的新型高蛋白富硒叶面肥,以潍县萝卜为载体,通过人工措施对萝卜进行叶面喷洒施肥,达到提高萝卜品质和给人补硒的目的。方法：对富硒萝卜和普通萝卜进行对照试验,按照国家最新发布的标准方法,测定分析其营养成分、氨基酸组分、矿物质元素和维生素等。结果：高蛋白富硒叶面肥更容易被潍县萝卜吸收,产出的萝卜不仅硒的含量高,而且其它指标均高于普通萝卜。     

液体型叶面肥料胀气原因探讨

介绍液体型叶面肥料储存过程中产生胀气的现象及危害,采用排除法研究了大中微量元素叶面肥料各组分对胀气性能的影响。结果表明:尿素是大中微量元素叶面肥料产生胀气的根源,其他组分对尿素产生胀气有不同程度的促进作用。并提出用胀气率区分各组分对胀气的影响程度。