游戏引擎中的实时特征点匹配算法

以作为游戏输入的双目视觉系统为载体,分析了双目立体视觉系统在此环境中需要满足的一些特殊的约束,结合双目视觉本身的经典约束,构造一种可以同时满足实时性和一定的精确性的图像特征点匹配方法。此方法先使用极几何校正和单应性约束求取图像偏差,然后采用快速匹配算法在局部范围内得到匹配点,充分满足了系统对实时性和精确性的要求。     

交互式电子白板的坐标转换算法

针对常用坐标转换定位算法精确度和效率较低的问题,提出一种基于透视变换原理的定位算法。根据4个初始定位点的坐标信息,确定反映点与点之间空间映射关系的单应性矩阵。定位完成后,利用该矩阵进行简单运算即可完成坐标转换。实验结果证明该方法稳定性较高。     

一种视频序列拼接的新方法

提出了一种基于视频序列拼接的新方法。首先,利用KLT算法对视频序列中特征点进行提取和跟踪,实现关键帧粗略选取;其次,在选取的关键帧中利用SURF算法进行特征提取,利用最近邻距离比进行特征点匹配,通过RANSAC估计算法求精单映矩阵,并结合关键帧选取判定寻找最佳关键帧;最后,利用级联单映矩阵和加权融合算法实现视频序列拼接。实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

2 1/2 D Visual Servoing with Respect to Unknown Objects Through a New Estimation Scheme of Camera Displacement

Classical visual servoing techniques need a strong a priori knowledge of the shape and the dimensions of the observed objects. In this paper, we present how the 2 1/2 D visual servoing scheme we have recently developed, can be used with unknown objects characterized by a set of points. Our scheme is based on the estimation of the camera displacement from two views, given by the current and desired images. Since vision-based robotics tasks generally necessitate to be performed at video rate, we focus only on linear algorithms. Classical linear methods are based on the computation of the essential matrix. In this paper, we propose a different method, based on the estimation of the homography matrix related to a virtual plane attached to the object. We show that our method provides a more stable estimation when the epipolar geometry degenerates. This is particularly important in visual servoing to obtain a stable control law, especially near the convergence of the system. Finally, experimental results confirm the improvement in the stability, robustness, and behaviour of our scheme with respect to classical methods.     

A Linear Algorithm for Computing the Homography from Conics in Correspondence

This paper presents a study, based on conic correspondences, on the relationship between two perspective images acquired by an uncalibrated camera. We show that for a pair of corresponding conics, the parameters representing the conics satisfy a linear constraint. To be more specific, the parameters that represent a conic in one image are transformed by a five-dimensional projective transformation to the parameters that represent the corresponding conic in another image. We also show that this transformation is expressed as the symmetric component of the tensor product of the transformation based on point/line correspondences and itself. In addition, we present a linear algorithm for uniquely determining the corresponding point-based transformation from a given conic-based transformation up to a scale factor. Accordingly, conic correspondences enable us to easily handle both points and lines in uncalibrated images of a planar object.     

图像校正技术的研究及应用

基于单应性矩阵方法研究了图像校正技术,该方法的关键问题在于边缘检测及寻找边缘的交点。针对车牌图像的校正,提出了一种自动化的边缘提取方法。该方法通过对霍夫变换得到的直线进行合并、分类、排序等方法来自动获取图像边缘并计算相应的交点。对校正后的图像因为长宽比例不同而产生的问题,作了分析和相应处理。该方法保留了单应性矩阵恢复算法的方便性,同时速度更快,取得的效果也比较好。     

Visual Localization in Urban Area Using Orthogonal Building Boundaries and a GIS Database

A framework is presented for robustly estimating the location of a mobile robot in urban areas based on images extracted from a monocular onboard camera, given a 2D map with building outlines with neither 3D geometric information nor appearance data. The proposed method firstly reconstructs a set of vertical planes by sampling and clustering vertical lines from the image with random sample consensus (RANSAC), using the derived 1D homographies to inform the planar model. Then, an optimal autonomous localization algorithm based on the 2D building boundary map is proposed. The physical experiments are carried out to validate the robustness and accuracy of our localization approach.     

几何约束下曲面场景的立体匹配迭代算法

使用对极约束和同形映射两种几何约束,通过采用面积检测、一致性约束误差检测、概率筛选规则和对称优化等策略,成功地实现了曲面场景图像的特征点匹配.该方法未使用任何与灰度相关的信息和与场景相关的约束,极大地提高了方法的实用性和鲁棒性.整个匹配过程快速有效,并在不同的弱标定关系已知的真实图像数据上成功地得到实现.     

基于立体定向靶标的探针式多视场三维视觉测量系统

针对含有遮挡区域、深孔及凹槽等特征的多面体或回转体物体,设计了一套基于立体定向靶标的探针式多视场三维视觉测量系统,并阐述该套测量系统的结构组成和基本工作原理。首先,基于近景摄影测量技术建立立体定向靶标的6个单元模型,计算靶标各侧面角点在各自单元模型内的坐标,再通过单元模型的链接和光束平差,获取全部角点的精确全局坐标,并将其作为立体定向靶标的全局控制点。然后,设计了利用共面角点辅助定位的探针,仍基于近景摄影测量技术解算出角点和测头在探针坐标系中的精确坐标。最后,利用共面的棋盘格角点与其像平面之间的单应性矩阵,推导全局坐标系、探针坐标系各自与相机坐标系的位姿关系,进而求得探针测头的全局坐标。以量块（量棒）的标准长度作为评价指标,在2m×1.5m的视场范围内测量精度优于0.1mm。测量实验表明,多视场三维视觉测量系统用于具有回转体结构特征的水壶测量,能够获取水壶表面全部区域的点云数据。     

一种仅需距离控制的模型试验平面位移场单像视觉测量

 以高速公路滑坡与路堑边坡物理模型试验的平面位移场测量为例,采用一种无需模型坐标控制的视觉测量方法代替常规的物理或机械方法测量平面位移场。以普通数码相机为测量工具,不需要基准点的坐标而只需测量部分基准点间的距离即可恢复模型平面与像平面间的单应关系,使得测量工作不依赖大地测量仪器。试验过程中相机的内、外方位元素固定,且近似垂直于模型平面,经标志点影像坐标量测,单应矩阵检验后得到模型坐标,消除刚体位移后得到模型的平面位移场。解算结果表明,解析处理结果高于立体解算的精度,可用于亚毫米级精度的平面位移测量。