Nanomedicine-Boosting Tumor Immunogenicity for Enhanced Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has revolutionized oncology remarkably and gained great improvements in cancer therapy. However, tumor immunotherapy still encounters serious challenges, especially certain tumors barely respond to immunotherapy. The lack of immunogenicity and subsequent insufficient antitumor immune activation is a pivotal reason. Here, a general introduction and the strengthening strategies of immunogenicity of a tumor for enhanced immunotherapy are reviewed. Specifically, nanotechnology nowadays is playing important roles in increasing the antitumor efficacy of various treatments, including immunotherapy. This review highlights how nanomedicines integrating one or more anticancer therapeutic methods (e.g., cancer vaccines, chemotherapy, phototherapy, and radiotherapy) to increase the tumor immunogenicity for rousing T cell related immune responses and achieving inspiring antitumor efficacy. Given the sophisticated immune evasion mechanisms, rational designed nanodrugs with combinational formulations are summarized to improve therapeutic efficacy in synergistic ways. Nanoplatforms taking advantage of the distinct features of tumor tissue or tumor cell with stimuli-responsiveness and targeting functions are introduced to accelerate tumor accumulation of drugs successfully and greatly promote therapeutic efficacy with low-dose administration and programmed drug release. Finally, the related challenges and personal perspectives of nanomedicines for tumor immunotherapy are concluded.     

准分子激光和紫外线照射对胰岛免疫原性的影响

要新生大鼠胰岛样细胞团经准分子激光和中波紫外线照射面处理后,其免疫原性明显降低,激光组尤为显著,形态学检查显示胰岛细胞分泌颗粒和亚细胞结构保持完整无损。胰岛素分泌功能与对照组无明显差异。经STZ引致的糖尿病大鼠中胰岛异体移植,结果表明激光组受体大鼠糖尿病缓解时间较紫外线组与对照组明显延长.