Mitochondrial Bioenergetic,Photobiomodulation and Trigeminal Branches Nerve Damage,What’s the Connection? A Review

Background: Injury of the trigeminal nerve in oral and maxillofacial surgery can occur. Schwann cell mitochondria are regulators in the development, maintenance and regeneration of peripheral nerve axons. Evidence shows that after the nerve injury, mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunction occurs and is associated with pain, neuropathy and nerve regeneration deficit. A challenge for research is to individuate new therapies able to normalise mitochondrial and energetic metabolism to aid nerve recovery after damage. Photobiomodulation therapy can be an interesting candidate, because it is a technique involving cell manipulation through the photonic energy of a non-ionising light source (visible and NIR light), which produces a nonthermal therapeutic effect on the stressed tissue. Methods: The review was based on the following questions: (1) Can photo-biomodulation by red and NIR light affect mitochondrial bioenergetics? (2) Can photobiomodulation support damage to the trigeminal nerve branches? (preclinical and clinical studies), and, if yes, (3) What is the best photobiomodulatory therapy for the recovery of the trigeminal nerve branches? The papers were searched using the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases. This review followed the ARRIVE-2.0, PRISMA and Cochrane RoB-2 guidelines. Results and conclusions: The reliability of photobiomodulatory event strongly bases on biological and physical-chemical evidence. Its principal player is the mitochondrion, whether its cytochromes are directly involved as a photoacceptor or indirectly through a vibrational and energetic variation of bound water: water as the photoacceptor. The 808-nm and 100 J/cm² (0.07 W; 2.5 W/cm²; pulsed 50 Hz; 27 J per point; 80 s) on rats and 800-nm and 0.2 W/cm² (0.2 W; 12 J/cm²; 12 J per point; 60 s, CW) on humans resulted as trustworthy therapies, which could be supported by extensive studies.     

"What is in a word? No versus Yes differentially engage the lateral orbitofrontal cortex": Correction.

Reports an error in "What is in a word? No versus Yes differentially engage the lateral orbitofrontal cortex" by Nelly Alia-Klein, Rita Z. Goldstein, Dardo Tomasi, Lei Zhang, Stephanie Fagin-Jones, Frank Telang, Gene-Jack Wang, Joanna S. Fowler and Nora D. Volkow (Emotion, 2007[Aug], Vol 7[3], 649-659). The supplemental materials link should appear as follows: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.7.3.649.supp. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2007-11660-018.) The words "No" and "Yes" are involved in conditioning to prohibit or encourage behavior, respectively. The authors, therefore, hypothesized that these words would be attributed to endogenous valence, activating neuronal circuits involved with valence and emotional control. Functional MRI (fMRI) at 4 Tesla was used to record regional brain activity while participants were exposed to emphatic vocalizations of the words. Results showed that No and Yes were associated with opposite brain-behavior responses; while No was negatively valenced, produced slower response times, and evoked a negative signal in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), Yes was positively valenced, produced faster response times, and evoked a positive signal in a contiguous region of the OFC. Attribution of negative valence to No and trait anger control were associated with increased responsivity of the OFC to No. Inasmuch as sensitivity to the prohibitive command No develops during childhood through interaction with primary caregivers as the first social objects, our findings may implicate the lateral OFC in the neurobiology of emotion regulation and subsequent social development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

筛前神经及下鼻甲激光切割术治疗过敏性鼻炎29例临床观察

本文介绍了用筛前神经和下鼻甲激光切割术治疗２９例过敏性鼻炎病人，有效率为９７％。随访６个月至２年，除２例于术后６个月复发外，余者均未复发。实践表明这一手术优于翼管神经手术，优点是：１、解剖标志清楚；２、手术操作简便且易于掌握；３、并发症少而不严重。本文对这一手术的方法，术后处置和疗效进行了讨论。     

带ZigBee无线通信的新型数显卡尺设计

采用万能工具显微镜观察数显卡尺测量劣弧半径,测量成本极高,有很多局限性。本文提出了带Zig Bee无线通信的基于弓弦定理的测量方式,在不破坏现有数显卡尺所有功能的基础上,实现了劣弧和大圆弧的半径测量,并且整个数显卡尺具有测量外径、内径、深度,可以任意位置归零、暂停、公英制转换、实时显示测量数据和测量数据的无线上传。经样机验证,效果良好。     

相邻亚关键层破断对采场来压的影响分析

采用具有2层亚关键层的采场矿压模型，通过力学分析，给出相邻亚关键层破断对采场来压步距影响的计算公式，并用具体算例及其数值模拟说明了相邻亚关键层破断与采场矿压所受影响间的相互关系．     

芳烃抽提装置设计中的技术革新

对芳烃抽提装置进行优化和技术改进,使芳烃装置达到正常运行时无污水排放的目标,以提高产品质量,降低生产成本。     

陀螺状氮化镓基材料的制备和表征

以碳球为硬模板,通过溶剂热与NH3后处理相结合的方法合成出了具有陀螺状结构形貌的Ga0.97N0.9O0材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、X射线能谱(EDS)对所制备的样品进行了表征,同时对其生长机理进行了简要的探讨.     

30万t／a芳烃抽提装置技术方案比选及优化

以充分利用中国工艺技术为原则,通过对几种芳烃抽提装王工艺技术的比较,中国石油吉林石化芳烃抽提装置采用国内研发的Sulfolane工艺(即环丁砜法)技术方案,对芳烃抽提装置进行优化和技术改进,采用新型爪式干式真空泵,使芳烃装置达到正常运行时无污水排放的目标.     

烟叶烟碱提取条件探讨

考察了浸提液的碱浓度、浸提温度和蒸馏加盐量对烟碱提取率的影响。结果表明:①烟碱的提取率随着浸提液碱浓度的增大而减小,但在氢氧化钠浓度达到8.5g/L后反而会缓慢增加,用蒸馏水作浸提液的提取率最大;②60℃下浸提烟碱的提取率较高;③加盐蒸馏对提高烟碱提取率有显著的促进作用,但加盐量达到13.5gNaCl/10g烟叶后增加趋势逐渐平缓。