葛洲坝水利枢纽泄水建筑物进水口冲磨与修复

葛洲坝水利枢纽工程已运行20余年，近年水下检查中发现泄水建筑物进水口存在不同程度的冲磨，有些已威胁到建筑物安全运行，分析冲磨原因和探讨修复材料和手段是非常重要的，本文就此问题提出一些看法和建议供参考。     

300MW机组高压加热器结构特点

简要介绍了哈锅300MW机组高压加热器发展概况及给水入口管端、过热蒸气冷却段出口部、疏水冷却段入口部、上级疏水入口等部件的结构特点。     

电站取水河段长时段的泥沙淤积特性研究（注：研究生论坛）

摘 要:为解决将数学模型运用于电站取水口长时段内的河床演变问题,从而引起计算效率与精度不足的缺陷。本文采用基于隐式与显式结合的算法,探索河道长时段的泥沙淤积特性,建立能模拟长时段河床演变的水沙数学模型,并将该模型应用于昭化电站取水河段泥沙冲淤模拟。通过物理模型与数学模型在不同频率洪水下取水口水位和流速的比较结果,表明此数学模型可以较好模拟取水口水流特性;通过预测昭化电站拉沙方案与不拉沙方案下取水河段运行多年后的河床演变,结果表明此数学模型模拟结果与实际工程结果相似,符合客观规律,能较好模拟河段的泥沙问题。     

反应堆流场分析的数值模拟

运用CFD分析工具对反应堆内的流场分布进行数值模拟,给出反应堆燃料组件入口处流场的速度和流量分配情况.通过对计算结果的比较分析,对核电厂反应堆内的流动特性有比较全面的了解,从而为反应堆堆内构件的设计和优化提供分析依据.结果表明反应堆内流场采用CFD技术进行模拟计算是可行的.     

循环流化床烟气脱硫塔进口流场模拟及优化

为了改进循环流化床脱硫塔因下部装有的弯管加文丘里管式入口结构所造成的底部区域不均匀气流场,采用RNGκ-ε湍流模型对脱硫塔的气流场进行了模拟计算,讨论了这种进口结构对脱硫塔流场的影响机理,并对该进口结构进行了优化.结果表明:RNGκ-ε模型对于该流场具有较好的模拟效果,在弯管和文丘里管综合作用下,脱硫塔内中下部的气流场分布不均,而返料口对脱硫塔的气流场影响很小.通过对比3种入口结构的优化方式,发现采用改进导流叶片的方式优化效果较好,可成功均布脱硫塔气流场,造成的床层压损也很小.     

Design concept of three-dimensional section controllable internal waverider hypersonic inlet

A new hypersonic inlet named three-dimensional section controllable internal waverider inlet is presented in this paper to achieve the goal of section shape geometric transition and complete capture of the upstream mass. On the basis of the association between hypersonic waverider airframe and streamtraced hypersonic inlet, the waverider concept is extended to yield results for the internal flows, namely internal waverider concept. It is proven theoretically that not osculating cones but osculating axisymmetric theory is appropriate for the design of section controllable internal waverider inlet. And two design methods out of the internal waverider concept are proposed subsequently to construct two inlets with specific section shape request, triangle to ellipse and rectangle to ellipse ones. The calculation results show that the inlets are capable of keeping their shock structures and the main flow characteristics exactly as their derived flowfield. Further, the inlets successfully capture all the upstream mass despite their complicated cross-section transitions. It is believed that the concept proposed explores a new way of designing three-dimensional hypersonic inlets with special demand of section shape transition. However, the detailed flow characteristic and the performance of the internal waverider inlets are still under investigation. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90405009)     

Study on the floatation mechanism and floatation performance for the floatation cyclone of natural inlet air

A novel structure floatation cyclone of natural inlet air has been designed, and its structural characteristics and floatation principle have been analyzed. The velocity and pressure distributions within the flow field of the floatation cyclone have been studied by Navier-Stokes equations. Based on the flow characteristics of the mixture of fine coal and water, reasonable boundary conditions are decided and the equations are modified, so that the final equations can describe the real flow state of the flow field of the floatation cyclone. The boundary surface position between float coal and tailings is determined and there is an air cylinder in the central region of the floatation cyclone. The research reveals the floatation mechanism of the floatation cyclone. The floatation results can be greatly improved by regulating the structural dimensions of cyclone. The experimental results show that the floatation cyclone is very effective for the floatation of fine coal grains.     

高海拔地区大容量机组尾水管进口压力的控制研究

为了使高海拔地区大容量机组水力过渡过程中尾水管进口压力满足规范要求,选择合理的导叶关闭过程至关重要,导叶关闭过程是水力过渡过程中解决水电站运行安全问题最经济、最常用的措施之一。结合某高海拔地区大容量机组水电站工程实例,采用特征线计算方法,应用过渡过程软件进行仿真计算研究。结果表明:对于高海拔地区大容量机组水电站,选择合理的导叶折线关闭规律,能有效地改善尾水管进口压力,从而满足按海拔高程修正后的控制标准。研究成果可为规范控制高海拔地区大容量机组水电站水力过渡过程中尾水管的进口压力提供参考。     

形状记忆合金在航空工业中的应用研究进展

形状记忆合金具有高能量密度，作为驱动器使用不会引起重量的显著增加和空间的过度占用，因而在航空航天器的一些结构中具有良好的应用前景。本文对航空工业中使用形状记忆合金作为驱动器，应用于飞机机翼结构、进气道结构和发动机的相关研究进行了总结，并提出形状记忆合金在航空工业中应用的未来研究方向。     

巢湖兆河分洪闸泄流特性试验研究

受周边地形条件及环境限制,巢湖兆河分洪闸与河道呈垂直布置,进流条件不利。针对分洪闸与河道垂直布置这一特征,分别对开敞式和涵洞式分洪闸进行了水工模型进口流态试验分析,结果表明涵洞式分洪闸进流流态优于开敞式分洪闸,能更好地保证各闸孔的均匀进流。针对涵洞式分洪闸方案,研究了分洪闸敞泄和控泄的泄流能力,指出敞泄状态下进口行近流速对流量计算影响明显,在水闸规划设计中,应计入行近流速影响。为改善消能效果及出口水流与下游的衔接,进行了多方案消能防冲改进试验,结果表明尾坎作为一种冲击式消能工布置在挖深式消力池末端,可使出口水流流速分布更加均匀并与下游水流衔接更为平顺,明显增强消能防冲效果。