Stabilization of inter-area and/or oscillatory modes in large-scale power system by voltage impedance power system (VIPS) apparatus based on decentralized control scheme

New technologies such as power electronics have made it possible to change continuously the impedance of a power system not only to control power flow but also to enhance stability. A power system incorporating a variable impedance apparatus such as a variable series capacitor (VSrC) and high-speed phase shifter (HSPS) is called VIPS (Variable Impedance Power System) by the authors. This paper proposes a novel control method of VIPS apparatus such as VSrC and HSPS installed at an interconnecting point for stabilizing inter-area unstable and/or oscillatory modes. The proposed design method of the control system is a kind of hierarchical decentralized control method of a large-scale power system based on a Lyapunov function. Under the proposed control scheme, each subsystem can be stabilized independently by local controllers such as AVR, speed governor and PSS, and then the whole interconnected system can be stabilized by VIPS apparatus taking into account interactions between subsystems. The effectiveness and robustness of the VIPS apparatus control are shown by numerical examples with model systems including a large-scale power system.     

Resilient metal spring network silicone-matrix composite for separable interconnections

Resilient metal spring silicone-matrix conducting composites for separable interconnections in electronics were fabricated by the impregnation of silicone into a preform comprising randomly oriented C-shaped Cu-Be springs and a small proportion of Sn-Pb solder, which served to connect the springs at some of their intersections. Composites containing 6.1-9.8 vol.% total filler exhibited volume electrical resistivity 0.5-1.0 mΩ.cm and contact resistivity (with copper) 11-17 mΩ.cm². A compressive stress of about 30 kPa was needed for the low contact resistivity to be reached. The volume 17-26% and the contact resistivity increased by 5% after heating in air at 130-150°C for seven days. Composites containing <9 vol.% total filler showed no stress relaxation for seven days at 6.0% strain.     

Interconnected power systems with superconducting magnetic energy storage

The objective of this work is to discuss the concept of back‐to‐back interconnection systems with energy storage, especially with a Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) incorporated into a back‐to‐back DC link. In this case, each converter of the back‐to‐back system is used as a power conditioning system for the SMES coils. Since the AC–DC converter can be designed independently of the frequency of the power system, a two‐way switch is connected to the AC side of each converter. This two‐way switch can select the interconnected power systems. By using the two‐way switches, this system can provide the stored energy in the SMES system to each interconnected power system through two AC–DC converters. For instance, lower‐cost power of each power network can be stored through two converters during the off‐peak hours and made available for dispatch to each power network during periods of demand peak. Then this system increases the reliability of electric power networks and enables the economical operations depending on the power demand. This paper describes the unique operations of the back‐to‐back interconnection with SMES and discuses the optimal SMES configuration for a 300‐MW‐class back‐to‐back interconnection. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(2): 37–43, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20482     

未来电网中的独立电力系统模式

集中发电、远距离输电和统一配电仍是目前电能生产、输送和分配的主要方式．不断增长的电力需求和消费模式以及新能源的开发利用,使得传统互联电力系统面临更大的挑战,迫切需要有与之相适应的电能生产和消费模式．为此,探讨未来电网的一种新模式——独立电力系统,介绍独立电力系统的概念、特点及其典型应用,阐述不同应用环境下独立电力系统在安全稳定、电能质量、经济节能以及自愈控制等方面面临的新需求,分析独立电力系统发展过程中需要解决的关键问题,指出独立电力系统的发展方向及其关键技术．     

Resilience-aware design of interconnected supply chain networks with application to water-energy nexus

The effects of natural disasters, pandemic-induced lockdowns, and other disruptions often cascade across networks. In this work, we use minimum cost of resilience (MCOR) and operation-based resilience metrics to quantify network performance against single-connectivity failures and identify critical connections in interconnected networks. MCOR corresponds to the minimum additional infrastructure investment that is required to achieve a certain level of resilience. To guarantee MCOR, we incorporate the metrics in a multi-scenario mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that accounts for resilience in the design phase of interconnected networks. The goal is to obtain optimal generation and transportation capacities with flexible operation under all single-connectivity disruption scenarios. We demonstrate the applicability of our resilience-aware framework on a water-energy nexus (WEN) example focusing on grass-root design and retrofitting. We further apply the framework to analyze a regional WEN and observe that it is possible to achieve “full” resilience in the expense of additional regional investments.     

海上多平台互联电力系统故障后的供电恢复策略

在电力系统出现故障后,恢复非故障区域的供电可有效提高系统自愈能力。针对应急发电机、储能装置辅助的海上多平台互联电力系统,提出了一种适用于孤岛电网故障后的供电恢复策略。首先,提出了电源恢复优化模型所考虑的4种指标:故障恢复效果、故障恢复时间成本、对非故障区域内潮流影响和启动应急发电机数量。此外,给出了具有潮流约束、网络安全约束和网络拓扑约束的故障后供电恢复优化模型。然后,将遗传算法应用于该供电恢复策略中,通过改变电力系统中开关的分合状态来调整电网的运行方式,进而恢复非故障区域的供电。最后,结合IEEE 53节点配电系统和海上多平台互联电力系统的大量仿真实验,验证了所提电源恢复策略的有效性,此外,还评估了含储能的海上多平台互联电力系统的自愈控制能力。     

柔性互联配电系统连锁故障风险评估

为分析柔性多状态开关(FMS)保护隐性故障引起的柔性互联配电系统连锁故障风险,首先介绍其物理结构,随后分析稳态特性、交流馈线故障时的暂态特性,以及FMS的控制保护策略.然后,提出了引起保护误动的不确定因素并对其进行建模,并在此基础上分析了连锁故障形成的机理,建立柔性互联配电网连锁故障风险指标,并提出了基于蒙特卡洛法的概率指标和基于最优切负荷故障后果的计算方法.最后,以改进IEEE 33节点系统为算例,评估了系统连锁故障风险,并分析了故障位置和分布式电源渗透率因素对风险的影响.     

牵引变电所群贯通供电系统负序补偿模型及控制策略

针对牵引变电所群贯通供电系统存在的三相电压不平衡问题,提出一种基于三相变压器与静止无功发生器(SVG)的负序集中补偿方案及控制策略.首先,根据牵引变压器的功率变换关系及不同的负荷情况,推导了2种模式下补偿装置对牵引负荷的补偿功率通用表达式.根据中国的电能质量标准,提出了以负序满意补偿为目标的双限值补偿方案,方案包括了模式选择方法、SVG容量配置方法及SVG运行方法.根据补偿方案,设计了带有模式判别的SVG双闭环补偿控制策略.然后,采用牵引变电所实测数据对补偿方案进行验证,证明了方案具有良好的补偿效果,与全补偿方案相比,所提方案需要的装置容量更小.最后,通过仿真证明了控制策略对负序补偿的有效性和较快的响应速度.     

基于深度置信网络状态最优反馈的智能发电控制策略

针对自动发电控制问题中的状态信息测取和最优发电控制策略的难题,结合深度置信网络与最优控制理论,提出了一种应用于自动发电控制领域的深度置信网络状态最优反馈算法。首先,设计了一种适用于发电控制问题的全状态最优反馈控制策略,并引入了深度置信网络学习全状态最优反馈控制特性,以深度置信网络的非线性表达能力弥补传统线性控制的不足,进而实现了非全状态信息反馈下的近似最优发电控制,有效解决了最优发电控制问题中的状态信息测取难题,同时提升了自动发电控制性能。在IEEE标准两区域系统的算例仿真结果表明,所提算法可以实现由自区域频率偏差与传输功率偏差组合反馈下的系统近似最优发电控制,验证了所提方法的有效性、可行性和强鲁棒性。     

含任意拓扑和通信故障的关联系统分散控制

针对一类含任意拓扑结构连接以及不可靠通信连接而引起的关联系统子系统间信息交换故障情况问题,提出了一种关联系统分析以及分散控制器设计方法。该方法首先把关联系统子系统间通信故障的随机变量看作是关联系统模型不确定性来源,并且用分式线性变换形式建立关联系统。然后,借助鲁棒控制理论推导出在最大通信连接故障情况下关联系统均方稳定的充分条件。在给定某一通信故障率下,基于线性矩阵不等式理论,通过设计分散状态反馈控制器来保证整个大系统是均方稳定的。最后,通过中国南方电网局部缩减模型作为仿真实例说明所提出模型和方法的有效性。仿真结果表明,当南方电网局部电力元件之间的通信发生故障时使用本文的方法能够很好地进行电网设计和广域控制,并使整个局部电网是均方稳定的。