发动机初级工况对冷却夹套隔片损伤影响分析

针对可重复使用液体火箭发动机推力室冷却夹套隔片的损伤问题,为确保发动机的工作寿命,对建立了冷却夹套隔片的夹芯梁结构模型、粘塑性模型和细化损伤模型,发动机起动过程中初级工况给冷却夹套隔片损伤发展的影响进行了仿真计算。结果表明:初级工况过高,压力等性能参数振荡明显,振幅也较大,但引起的冷却夹套隔片损伤较小;初级工况选择过低,引起的冷却夹套隔片损伤较大,且压力等性能参数振荡也比较明显,但振幅较小。通过对比分析给出了用于发动机起动的合适初级工况,采用此工况使发动机起动过程中引起的损伤较小,而且压力等性能参数的振荡也较小。     

Vapor Phase Dealloying Derived Nanoporous Co@CoO/RuO2 Composites for Efficient and Durable Oxygen Evolution Reaction (Adv. Funct. Mater. 17/2023)

The development of low-cost and effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts to expedite the slow kinetics of water splitting is crucial for increasing the efficiency of energy conversion from electricity to hydrogen fuel. Herein, 3D bicontinuous nanoporous Co@CoO/RuO₂ composites with tunable sizes and chemical compositions are fabricated by introducing vapor phase dealloying of cobalt-based alloys. The influence of physical parameters on the formation of nanoporous Co substrates with various feature ligament sizes is systematically investigated. The CoO/RuO₂ shell is constructed by integrating a thin layer of RuO₂ on the inner surface of nanoporous Co, where the CoO interlayer is formed by annealing oxidization. The composite catalyst delivers an ultralow overpotential of 198 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², Tafel slope of 57.1 mV dec⁻¹, and long-term stability of 50 h. The superior OER activity and fast reaction kinetics are attributed to charge transfer through the coupling of Co O Ru bonds at the interface and the excellent nanopore connectivity, while the durability originates from the highly stable CoO/RuO₂ interface.     

Residual strength prediction of multiple cracked stiffened panels

Prediction of the coalescence of adjacent cracks is critical for residual strength estimation of structures under multiple site damage conditions. A methodology successfully developed for the case of crack link‐up prediction of un‐stiffened plates, is extended for the case of typical cracked stiffened aircraft panels. The proposed link‐up criterion is based on the change in the magnitudes of elastic and plastic strain energies of the stiffened panel, before and after the cracks coalesce. The strain energy magnitudes of interest are calculated using non‐linear elastic–plastic finite‐element analysis. For the application and verification of the method, experimental results from the open literature are used. Residual strength values calculated by the proposed methodology are in good agreement with the experimental results. The present criterion provides superior results when compared to the existing and commonly applied link‐up criteria.     

The Effects of Dense/Nanometer Hydroxyapatite on Proliferation and Osteogenetic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Cells

The objective of this study is to investigate possible effects of nanometer powder of hydroxyapatite on proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. With sol-gel method, the nanometer hydroxyapatite powder were fabricated. The primary periodontal ligcament cells were caltured on dense particle hydroxyapatite and nanometer particle hydroxyapatite. The effects on proliferation of periodontal ligament cell were examined in vitro with MTT （ methyl thiazolil tetracolium） test. The intercellalar effects were observed with scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. In addition, the influence of two materials on osteogenetic differentiation was determined with measurement of ALP （ alkaline phosphatase ） activity. It is concluded that nanometer hydroxyapatite can promote proliferation and osteogenetic differeraiation of periodontal ligament cells and it may become absorbable agent in osseous restoration.     

Interaction dynamics of a spherical particle with a suspended liquid film

Hydrodynamics of collision interactions between a particle and gas‐liquid interface such as droplet/film is of keen interest in many engineering applications. The collision interaction between a suspended liquid (water) film of thickness 3.41 ± 0.04 mm and an impacting hydrophilic particle (glass ballotini) of different diameters (1.1–3.0 mm) in low particle impact Weber number ( ) range (1.4–33) is reported. Two distinct outcomes were observed—particle retention in the film at lower Weber number and complete penetration of the film toward higher Weber number cases. A collision parameter was defined based on energy balance approach to demarcate these two interaction regimes which agreed reasonably well with the experimental outcomes. It was shown that the liquid ligament forming in the complete penetration cases breaks up purely by “dripping/end pinch‐off” mechanism and not due to capillary wave instability. An analytical model based on energy balance approach was proposed to determine the liquid mass entrainment associated with the ligament which compared well with the experimental measurements. A good correlation between the %film mass entrained and the particle Bond number ( ) was obtained which indicated a dependency of Bo^1.72. Computationally, a three‐dimensional CFD model was developed to simulate these interactions using different contact angle boundary conditions which in general showed reasonable agreement with experiment but also indicated deficiency of a constant contact angle value to depict the interaction physics in entirety. The computed force profiles from computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model suggest dominance of the pressure force over the viscous force almost by an order of magnitude in all the Weber number cases studied. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 295–314, 2016     

Co-Expression and Co-Localization of Cartilage Glycoproteins CHI3L1 and Lubricin in Osteoarthritic Cartilage: Morphological,Immunohistochemical and Gene Expression Profiles

Osteoarthritis is the most common human arthritis characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage. Several studies reported that levels of human cartilage glycoprotein chitinase 3-like-1 (CHI3L1) are known as a potential marker for the activation of chondrocytes and the progression of Osteoarthritis (OA), whereas lubricin appears to be chondroprotective. The aim of this study was to investigate the co-expression and co-localization of CHI3L1 and lubricin in normal and osteoarthritic rat articular cartilage to correlate their modified expression to a specific grade of OA. Samples of normal and osteoarthritic rat articular cartilage were analyzed by the Kellgren–Lawrence OA severity scores, the Kraus’ modified Mankin score and the Histopathology Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) system for histomorphometric evaluations, and through CHI3L1 and lubricin gene expression, immunohistochemistry and double immuno-staining analysis. The immunoexpression and the mRNA levels of lubricin increased in normal cartilage and decreased in OA cartilage (normal vs. OA, p < 0.01). By contrast, the immunoexpression and the mRNA levels of CHI3L1 increased in OA cartilage and decreased in normal cartilage (normal vs. OA, p < 0.01). Our findings are consistent with reports suggesting that these two glycoproteins are functionally associated with the development of OA and in particular with grade 2/3 of OA, suggesting that in the future they could be helpful to stage the severity and progression of the disease.     

硫酸镁联合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞对膝关节韧带修复术患者下肢止血带反应的疗效观察

目的:探讨硫酸镁联合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞对膝关节韧带修复术下肢止血带反应的疗效。方法:选择2016年2月至2018年2月于本院拟行关节镜下膝关节韧带修复术的患者83例作为本研究对象,随机分为试验组（n=42）和对照组（n=41）;两组均在超声引导下实施患侧股神经阻滞麻醉,试验组给予0.375%罗哌卡因15 mL（含有0.75 g硫酸镁）混合液注射,对照组给予0.375%罗哌卡因15 mL注射,两组麻醉成功后均于大腿中上1/3处缚扎自动充气止血带。比较两组感觉和运动阻滞起效时间、持续时间和镇痛时间、不同时间点血流动力学和血清丙二醛（MDA）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的变化,记录止血带反应发生率和药物不良反应。结果:与对照组相比,试验组感觉阻滞和运动阻滞起效时间缩短,持续时间、镇痛时间延长（P<0.05）;两组不同时间点收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;试验组T7、T8血清MDA、TNF-α高于对照组（P<0.05）;两组止血带反应发生率分别为7.14%（3/42）和24.39%（10/41）,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论:在膝关节韧带修复术中应用硫酸镁混合罗哌卡因股神经阻滞效果显著,可有效维持血流动力学稳定、延长阻滞效果,缓解氧化应激和炎症反应,减少止血带反应,安全性高,值得应用推广。     

砼压模剪切实验与数值分析

应用压模剪切加载方法对混凝土的Ⅱ型断裂破坏进行了实验和数值研究。计算了此加载下砼的Ⅱ型断裂韧度，对此加载下混凝土试件的裂纹扩展方式，断口形貌及裂纹尖端和两裂尖韧带上的应力分布进行了详细的分析，。认为压模剪切试件能有效抑制张拉裂纹的扩展，实现砼的Ⅱ型破坏。     

PP/POE共混体系脆韧转变的定量研究

研究了乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(POE)对两种不同型号的聚丙烯(PP)的增韧情况。结果显示,对不同性质的基体PP,出现脆韧转变所需的弹性体POE含量不同;根据逾渗模型,应用不同的计算公式,定量地求得了两种PP/POE体系分别出现脆韧转变时的临界基体层厚度Tc。