Novel ultra‐compact two‐dimensional waveguide‐based metasurface for electromagnetic coupling reduction of microstrip antenna array

A novel ultracompact two‐dimensional (2D) waveguide‐based metasurface is proposed herein and applied for the first time to reduce mutual coupling in antenna array for multiple‐input multiple‐output applications. The unit cell of the proposed 2D waveguide‐based metasurface is ultracompact (8.6 mm × 4.8 mm, equal to λ₀/14.2 × λ₀/25.5) mainly due to the symmetrical spiral lines etched on the ground. The metasurface exhibits a bandgap with two transmission zeros attributing to the negative permeability in the vicinity of magnetic resonance and the negative permittivity in the vicinity of electric resonance. Taking advantage of these two features, a microstrip antenna array is then designed, fabricated, and measured by embedding an 8 × 1 array of the well‐engineered 2D waveguide‐based metasurface elements between two closely spaced (9.2 mm, equal to λ₀/13.3) H‐plane coupled rectangular patches. There is good agreement between the simulated and measured results, indicating that the metasurface effectively reduces antenna mutual coupling by more than 11.18 dB and improves forward gain. The proposed compact structure has one of the highest reported decoupling efficiencies among similar periodic structures with comparable dimensions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 25:789–794, 2015.     

基于石墨烯超表面天线的太赫兹动态相位调控及波束扫描

太赫兹波频段介于毫米波和红外光之间,具有诸多优异特性,太赫兹天线更是太赫兹通信、雷达和成像等应用系统中的核心元器件。然而,目前报道的太赫兹天线均无法满足较大动态范围的相位扫描、高效率辐射和大偏转角度的需求。该文设计了 3 种石墨烯太赫兹天线,最小尺寸为 5 μm,并对其辐射效率和相位调控特性进行研究,进而提出具有双共振模式的石墨烯-金属太赫兹超表面天线,缓解了传统的基于单共振模式的相位动态调控范围和辐射效率之间的矛盾,实现了 0～360°的动态相位调控,且辐射效率高于 20%。该研究采用微加工工艺进行样品加工,通过改变栅极电压,在实验上获得了 1.03 THz 的太赫兹动态相位调控,反射率高于 23%,与仿真结果基本吻合。在此基础上,该文基于连续相位编码设计了石墨烯超表面相控阵天线,理论上实现了太赫兹波束在－25°～25°范围内的实时波束偏转。该文为解决超表面相控阵天线的相位动态调控范围小、辐射效率低等难题提供了新的研究思路。     

基于几何相位的线偏振聚焦超表面器件

设计出基于几何相位的介质超表面实现线偏振光聚焦功能。该设计打破了传统设计中几何相位(Pancharatnam-Berry phase)的手性限制,不再是局限于左旋圆偏振光(LCP)和右旋圆偏振光(RCP)入射。通过有限时域差分仿真来证明这种线偏振聚焦相位调控的特性。该类功能器件可能用于设计新颖的THz元器件、高分辨成像、功能探测等方面。     

基于尺寸渐变超表面宽带高增益低剖面天线

设计了一种基于尺寸渐变超表面的宽带高增益低剖面天线,该天线由双层超表面和一层微带缝隙组合而成。双层超表面由分别印刷在2个介质板上的尺寸渐变六边形阵列贴片组成,贴片之间存在非等距间隙。超表面单元尺寸渐变设计能够使天线产生多个邻近的谐振点,从而展宽带宽。通过改变超表面天线尺寸结构,分析天线的宽带辐射特性。为获得最佳宽带性能,采用遗传算法优化天线几何参数。制作并测试了一款边长为43.3 mm,厚度为4.853 mm的样本天线用于验证仿真结果。实测结果显示,该天线-10 dB阻抗带宽达到了54%(3.99～6.93 GHz),最高增益达到12.05 dB,在4～6 GHz范围内增益保持在8 dB以上。该天线实现了宽频带、高增益、低剖面的特点,适用于宽带高速率无线通信的诸多领域。     

石墨烯动态调控太赫兹泄漏波的研究

设计了一种基于石墨烯动态调控太赫兹泄漏波的调制器件。通过调节石墨烯费米能级的大小,改变了金属-介质-石墨烯(MIG)超表面结构的共振响应,从而达到调控太赫兹泄漏波的功能。仿真结果表明:随着石墨烯费米能级从10 meV到60 meV和介质层厚度从20μm到200μm的变化,通过优化电控石墨烯MIG结构最终实现了35 GHz的频率扫描范围,并伴有电磁响应状态从过阻尼至欠阻尼的转变;在过阻尼状态下结构的电磁响应仅存在共振吸收而在欠阻尼状态下具有类电磁诱导透明现象,使具有这种显著变化特征的电控石墨烯MIG结构可应用于高灵敏的生物检测中。本器件具有构型简单、调控方便的特点,在生物分子和材料折射率检测等方面具有广泛的应用前景。     

基于超表面的超宽带低剖面双极化天线

提出了一款基于超表面的超宽带低剖面双极化天线。该天线由2对垂直放置的偶极子和超表面阵列组成。由于采用双极化形式,能够引入附加的谐振点,从而拓展了天线的带宽。为了实现低剖面特性,偶极子天线加载了具有同相反射相位的超表面阵列。此外,通过超表面阵列的切角设计,改善高频段的电压驻波比和辐射方向图。该天线剖面高度仅为38 mm(0.1λ),在0.81～2.35 GHz(97.4%)频带内,电压驻波比(VSWR)小于2,端口隔离度大于15 dB,增益为5～11 dBi。     

A high gain wideband circularly polarized antenna with asymmetric metasurface

An asymmetric‐metasurface based wideband circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna using a coaxial probe is proposed for L‐band applications. The antenna involves a stacked asymmetric‐metasurface, a radiating rectangular‐patch and a coaxial feed. An asymmetric‐metasurface is designed using rectangular unit cells and smaller size unit cells along one of the diagonal lines. The asymmetric‐metasurface is placed above a radiating rectangular‐patch with support of foam layer to achieve a wideband CP radiation. The measured performance of the prototype antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth (?10 dB return loss bandwidth) of 15.7% (1.58‐1.85 GHz) with CP bandwidth (3‐dB axial ratio) of 13% (1.58‐1.80 GHz) and gain of ≥9 dBic.     

Metasurface based pattern reconfigurable antenna for 2.45 GHz ISM band applications

In this article, a Z‐shaped antenna is designed for 2.45 GHz ISM band applications. The proposed antenna is surrounded by metasurface‐based unit cells. The unit cells are designed to reflect for the proposed frequency. Each of this unit cells are activated with the help of a diode. Unit cell is considered active by switching on the diode of respective unit cell. According to the activation of unit cell the pattern of the antenna will be reconfigured. The 2.45 GHz ISM band pattern reconfigurable microstrip antenna is presented. The radiation pattern of the antenna can be steered toward a desired direction by activating appropriate metasurface unit cell, minimizing the interference and optimizing medium usage. The proposed antenna performance is presented with the help of reflection coefficient and the pattern steerable capability by activating metasurface unit cells. The proposed antenna is having azimuth‐pattern reconfigurable capability around 360°.     

波导型能量选择电磁防护器件设计与实现

提出了一种用于矩形波导的波导型能量选择电磁防护器件。该器件在波导内壁加装了加载PIN二极管单元的超表面阵列,可根据波导内电磁波场强大小自适应切换加载二极管单元的状态,实现基于波导传输功率的传输特性变化。为验证可行性和器件性能,本文基于WR430波导进行了器件设计和实现。仿真和测试结果表明,当入射波功率低于25 dBm时,该器件在1.8～2.2 GHz内的插入损耗不高于1.5 dB;当入射波功率高于37 dBm时,该器件在中心频率处的隔离度不低于20 dB。仿真与测试结果吻合一致,证明所提波导型能量选择电磁防护器件具备较好的电磁防护能力。     

宽频多模态涡旋电磁波超表面设计

针对超表面产生OAM(轨道角动量)涡旋电磁波模态单一的问题,提出了一种宽频带多波束多模态OAM波束超表面的设计方法。采用方形开口环结构,优化几何参数,通过开口尺寸的变化构建8个3-bit 数字编码单元。利用矢量叠加原理,由产生单一模态OAM波束所需的相移得到多模态涡旋波束的超表面相位分布。采用天线阵列理论可直接求得超表面的远场方向图,并与全波仿真结果进行对比。研究结果表明,利用该方法设计的超表面,能够同时生成多个OAM波束,并且每个波束的辐射方向和OAM 模态可根据实际需求进行设定。设计的超表面还具有电尺寸小、剖面低和工作频带宽等优点,在无线通信领域具有广泛的应用前景。