Toxicity of Detroit River Sediment-Bound Contaminants to Ultraplankton

Four sites in the Detroit River/Lake Erie western basin were evaluated for their toxicity. The evaluation was based on 1) bulk chemical characterization of the sediments, 2) chemical composition of the sediment elutriates, and 3) toxicity of the elutriates to ultraplankton and microplankton/net plankton. A sequence of decreasing contamination was determined from the chemical composition of the elutriates based on the elutriation release of metals such as Zn, Mn, Cd, Ni, and Co. Bioassessment of elutriate toxicity was determined by carbon-14 Algal Fractionation Bioassays (AFB's) which were conducted with various dilutions of standard and Chelex-100 treated elutriates. Site A (near Windsor, Ontario) and Site D (western Lake Erie) were found to be toxic to ultraplankton. The observed toxicity was attributed to the bioavailability and synergistic impact of elutriated metals on ultraplankton production. A direct relationship between the water soluble metal fraction and toxicity was observed. These results confirmed that sediment toxicity should not be evaluated solely on bulk chemical composition of the sediments. The AFB's have been proven useful in the bioassessment of sediments due to their rapidity/sensitivity and hence could be routinely used for the screening and early detection of contaminants affecting fast growing organisms which form the basis of the aquatic food chain.     

涡河中下游浮游植物时空分布及成因

为探明涡河中下游水质状况,基于2016年12月至2017年9月涡河中下游4次监测的浮游植物和水质数据,利用物种优势度和多样性指数对浮游植物的时空分布特征进行定量分析。结果表明:涡河中下游的浮游植物主要表现出种类分布不均匀、不同河段差异性大等特点;涡河中下游共发现浮游植物7门89属种,以绿藻门和硅藻门为主;浮游植物的优势类群随季节变化较大,4次采样共发现16个优势物种,4个季节中绿藻门的优势种类均为最多;浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数水质评价等级显示涡河中下游整体污染程度呈转好趋势;冗余度分析表明环境因子对浮游植物时空分布总体变异的解释度为60.02%;温度、电导率和总磷是影响涡河中下游浮游植物时空分布的主要环境因子。     

中型水库蓄水过程水生态环境特征分析

水库除险加固扩容工程,水位从死水位恢复至正常运行水位的过程,入库和出库流量调节机制发生急剧变化,水库的水文和水动力状态改变明显。该文以周年为时间尺度,以广东省梅州市一亚热带中型水库为例,探讨水库蓄水过程中的相关水文、水环境、水生态变化过程,对蓄水过程中可能出现的影响饮用水水质安全的因素进行分析,并提出类似情况下中小型水库水资源管理建议。     

大伙房水库藻类简析

介绍了藻类的基本特征、主要分类和生活习性,通过对大伙房水库藻类监测的数据进行分析归纳,总结藻类的变化因素以及对生态环境的影响。     

双龙湖初级生产力测定及其模型研究

双龙湖是浅水型城市湖泊,一度为重富营养化湖泊。经综合治理其水质得到明显改善。通过黑白瓶法测定双龙湖浮游植物水柱日净产量时空分布,认为双龙湖营养水平较高,且初级生产力同水温、透明度、溶解氧、溶解性总磷呈显著正相关。根据模型计算双龙湖全年浮游植物净产量为1815033 kg,理论产鱼潜力9075.2 kg。与实际情况符合较好。定期收获鱼产品可以从湖泊生态系统中移出氮、磷等营养元素,从而减轻双龙湖富营养化。     

大伙房水库源区浮游植物调查与生物学评价

本文对大伙房水库水库源区三条河水系浮游植物进行了调查,并对其生态特征进行分析,对摸清三条河污染现状和变化规律,以及对水库水质影响程度有着重要意义。     

水库浮游植物群落与环境多因子分析

根据大伙房水库浮游植物群落 (浮游植物生物量和丰度 )和水文水质 (年降雨量 ,年入、出库水量 ,7～ 8月入出库水量、流量、水位 ,6～ 9月水位差、库容 ,7～ 8月平均水温 ,7～ 8月入、出库水量与库容之比和 7～ 8月入、出库水量之比 ,总氮 ,氨氮 ,硝酸盐氮 ,亚硝酸盐氮和磷酸盐 )等 2 0项因子进行了简单相关、偏相关和灰关联分析 ,得出它们之间的相互关系以及理化因子对浮游植物的关联度和关联序 ,其中 ,水位和 7～ 8月入、出库水量之比分别与浮游植物生物量和丰度有较显著的偏相关 ,其关联度也最大     

松嫩平原湖泡湿地浮游植物调查与研究

松嫩平原扎龙、向海国家级自然保护区是我国中温带最完整的湿地生态系统。本文以扎龙、向海、莫莫格、查干泡湿地保护区为例,对湿地浮游植物的种类组成和数量变化进行了详细调查与研究。     

A preliminary modeling analysis of water quality in Lake Okeechobee, Florida: Calibration results

To gain understanding of nutrient and phytoplankton dynamics in Lake Okeechobee, Florida, we developed and applied a deterministic, mass balance, water quality model at the whole-lake spatial scale. The model was calibrated to a comprehensive set of field data for 1985–1986, and then used to simulate the period 1973–1992. The model represented the mean behavior of in-lake total phosphorus, dissolved available phosphorus, total nitrogen and chlorophyll a concentrations reasonably well during the calibration period. The model did not represent dissolved available nitrogen concentrations very well, nor did it capture much of the observed temporal variability during the calibration period. The model results identified important information needs to improve our understanding of the nitrogen cycle including, sediment-water nitrogen fluxes, denitrification and nitrogen fixation. Results from the 1973–1992 simulation indicated that model assumptions and/or calibration parameters were not uniformly applicable over this period. Total phosphorus concentration results from this model were compared with results from two site-specific, empirical loading models for the lake. None of these models represented annual average concentrations uniformly well over the entire 20-year period, and none captured much of the observed inter-annual variability. External total phosphorus loadings and lake hydrology are not sufficient to fully describe total phosphorus dynamics in Lake Okeechobee. Other important factors are diffusive sediment-water fluxes, wind-induced sediment resuspension, and the spatial heterogeneity in the lake.     

Phytoplankton in a polluted subarctic lake before and after nutrient reduction

Phytoplankton and water chemistry were studied in a eutrophic subarctic Swedish lake before and after nutrient reduction. Pollution started in 1964 and the lake had received about 4.5 tons of phosphorus by the time the treatment plant was built in 1974. After that only 18–20 kg P yr^?1 entered the lake. Before nutrient reduction the phytoplankton consisted principally of three species, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum var. minutum, Chromulina cv. darlecarlica and Cryptomonas cv. ovata. Two years after the P-load was reduced Chlamydomonas spp and Mallomonas akrokomos predominated in the plankton and their dominance has been maintained during the period of study. Seasonal average phytoplankton biomass decreased from 11.2 g m^?3 in 1973 to 2.9 g m^?3 in 1980. Average seasonal total phosphorus concentrations decreased from 168 μgl^?1 in 1973 to 74 μgl^?1 in 1980. Average Secchi depth readings increased from 1.3 m in 1973 to 2.1 m in 1980. Blue-green algae never had any quantitative importance in the lake and no blooms were observed.