水库调水调沙回顾与展望--兼论小浪底水库运用方式研究

作者简要回顾了三门峡、恒山水库调度方式和小浪底工程设计、“八五”攻关和专题研究之运用方式以及碛口、三门峡、小浪底水库联合调度方式等。提出小浪底水库调度应坚持“多年调节泥沙 ,相机排沙”运用方式 ;调控库容应大一些 ,同时要有灵活性 ;充分利用天然大水过程排沙 ,必要时也可相机造峰 ;注重水库联合调水调沙运用及有关技术问题研究     

Consumer segmentation based on situational appropriateness ratings: Partial replication and extension

Perceived situational appropriateness crucially informs decisions about what to eat and drink, and this contextual-cognitive factor of food choice helps to understand why in certain situations, despite high acceptability, a non-consumption decision is made. Being shaped primarily by accumulated experience and familiarity, appropriateness is influenced by culture, but inter-individual variability within populations also exists. Consumer segmentation based on appropriateness ratings was recently reported in work with Australian consumers, with segment differences relating to how adaptive or conforming consumers’ perceptions were of appropriateness for a range of foods and beverages (F&B) for use in daily main eating occasions [Jaeger et al.; Fd. Qual. Pref., 2019, e103701]. Believing in the strength and value of cumulative evidence, the present research was informed by the broad paradigm of replication and extension. This directed that empirical execution, data analysis and reporting strategy directly and extensively defined this work. In two studies with consumers from Denmark (n = 780) and New Zealand (NZ, n = 448), partial replication was achieved for situationally Adaptive and Conforming consumer segments in regard to breakfast, lunch and dinner (morning, midday and evening meals, respectively). Extending to three different eating occasions in NZ, partial replication of Adaptive and Conforming consumer segments was obtained. It appeared that these segments exist for some but not all eating occasions and that cultural differences are also at play. The present research also replicated the relationship between perceived appropriateness and F&B liking/disliking, whereby liked products can be both appropriate and inappropriate, depending on the eating occasions. Consumer segments based on appropriateness ratings had similar profiles, which also replicated Jaeger et al. (2019).     

质粒剂量和免疫次数对基因枪免疫DNA疫苗免疫反应的影响

目的研究质粒剂量和免疫次数对基因枪免疫DNA疫苗免疫反应的影响。方法构建携带HIV-1 Env gp145基因的DNA疫苗质粒p1.0-Env,分别采用肌肉注射和基因枪方法免疫BALB/c小鼠。其中,基因枪免疫采用不同剂量或不同次数。ELISA法检测小鼠体内Env特异性抗体水平。结果基因枪免疫小鼠诱导的抗体水平显著高于肌肉注射免疫。在0.1～2.25μg剂量范围内,基因枪免疫小鼠体内的Env特异性抗体水平随疫苗剂量的增加不断提高。加大免疫剂量至5μg和10μg,不能提高体液免疫反应水平。基因枪免疫1次和2次所诱导的特异性抗体水平很弱,免疫3次可诱导高水平的抗体应答。结论基因枪免疫能有效提高DNA疫苗所诱导的抗体应答,小鼠的最适免疫剂量约为2.25μg,2.25μg免疫3次可诱导较强的体液免疫反应。     

Letter of Congatutulation

正I take great pleasure in congratulating CHINA FOUNDRY journal on its 10th anniversary.The CHINA FOUNDRY journal started ten years ago.Since its inaugural,China has seen exceptional growth in the Castings Sector and rapid development in Machinery Industry.The journal is becoming an important communication platform for experts     

钢丝绳浇铸索具的研究与应用

介绍钢丝绳浇铸索具相关标准现状。对浇铸接头基本结构的加工制作方法、优缺点及使用场合进行说明;介绍常见的叉耳、单耳式浇铸索具的基本结构和连接方式,以及3种可调节浇铸索具的结构和使用场合;分析几种典型专用形式钢丝绳浇铸索具的基本特点和连接方式。提出钢丝绳浇铸索具生产过程无害化及专用化的发展方向,以便钢丝绳浇铸索具更好地满足实际应用的需求。     

现阶段我国城市CI实施时机与步骤探讨

针对我国大多数城市CI策划缺乏系统、有效操作实施机制的现状,从城市CI策划实施的时机与步骤两方面来探讨城市形象建设的基本思路,以促进城市的和谐和可持续性发展.     

克拉玛依油田八区裂缝性特低渗透油藏合理井网及转注时机研究

克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾组油藏为低孔、特低渗透、带裂缝的厚层块状砾岩油藏。采用数值模拟方法开展了对该油藏的井网和转注时机的研究,并应用正交设计和经济评价确定适合克拉玛依油田八区下乌尔禾组油藏的开发模式,即反九点转五点法井网,135m井距,单井日注水30m3/d,转注时含水率为85%。     

注水时机对压水堆严重事故进程的影响

以典型的3环路压水堆为参考对象,建立了详细的严重事故计算模型。选择一回路热段当量直径为18 cm的失水事故(LOCA)作为初始事件,采用RELAP5/SCDAP/MOD3.2为分析工具,对无注水、无缓解措施下的基准事故进程进行计算分析,研究3种不同注水时机对严重事故进程的影响。3种注水时机分别为堆芯表面峰值温度达到1100 K、1300 K、1500 K时开始注水。计算结果显示,压水堆严重事故进程对于注水的时机非常敏感。较早阶段的注水对于阻止堆芯熔化十分有效,注水较晚会恶化事故进程,加速堆芯熔化。     

小北干流有坝放淤引水时机及规模分析研究

利用龙门断面近20年的实测水文、泥沙及龙门-潼关河段的冲淤量资料,分析研究小北干流有坝放淤的引水引沙条件、引水时机及引水规模。研究成果表明：当龙门断面流量大于400m^3／s、含沙量大于40kg／m^3、泥沙中值粒径大于0．025mm时,开始引水,淤区引粗泥沙较多。根据设计的来水来沙条件,满足上述引水引沙条件,并考虑引水闸规模投资等,确定引水规模为800m^3／s,则年平均引沙量为1．22亿t,粗、中、细沙的引沙量分别为0．27亿、0．35亿、0．60亿t。     

Perceived situational appropriateness for foods and beverages: consumer segmentation and relationship with stated liking

A degree of inter-individual heterogeneity in perceived situational appropriateness for foods and beverages (F&B) was predicted to exist, and empirically confirmed in studies with >1000 Australian and New Zealand adult consumers (urban dwelling). Two main consumer segments labelled “adaptive” and “conforming” were identified. The main difference between the segments was in the number of F&B items considered appropriate for a certain eating occasion, with this number being smaller in the segments that seemed to more strongly conform to common norms about what is appropriate to eat and drink at breakfast-, lunch- and dinner-time. There was a positive relationship between perceived appropriateness and stated product liking in accordance with previous reports, and generally less liked foods/beverages were regarded as less appropriate. However, there was also evidence of non-linearity in this relationship such that some highly liked foods were inappropriate for a focal eating occasion (e.g., cereal/muesli at dinner time). Demographic/socio-economic and psychographic variables were largely unsuccessful in explaining segment differences, and, in particular, generalised trait tendency to conform did not differentiate consumers in “adaptive” and “conforming” segments. Food neophobia was, in some instances, linked to reduced perceived appropriateness, but generally, consumers with high neophobia (FNS > 50) responded similarly to the aggregate sample in terms of F&Bs considered to be high vs. low in appropriateness for eating occasions taking place at breakfast-, lunch- and dinner- time. Future research should extend to other F&B stimuli relevant to Australia and New Zealand, to different consumer populations and culturally appropriate F&B stimuli, and also seek to better understand the antecedents of perceived situational appropriateness and how these underpin consumer segments based on appropriateness.