Piezo- and pyroelectricity in polymer blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/poly(methyl methacrylate)

Compatible polymer blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) can be used as suitable model systems for investigating the relationship between the physico-chemical structure of polymers and their piezo- and pyroelectric activity. The structure of PVDF/PMMA blends can be varied over a very wide range which can lead to a strong influence on the piezo- and pyroelectric activity and the corresponding coefficients d₃₁ and g₃. The values of d₃₁ and g₃ were found to vary over nearly five decades whereas the normalized coefficients $\text{d}{}_{31}\text{P}$ and $\text{g}{}_3\text{P}$ remain largely unaffected. This emphasizes the importance of the molecular processes causing the macroscopic polarization P during the poling procedure. For a given polarization P and a given temperature T the properties of the polymer matrix, however, are far less important for the values obtained for d₃₁ and g₃. The experimental results were compared with theoretical predictions based on models which were recently developed by Tashiro et al., Broadhurst et al. and by Mopsik et al.. Considering the appropriate scope of each model a good agreement between theory and experiment is observed and general contradictions have not been found.     

基于热释电红外传感器的节能广告牌设计

热释电红外传感器被广泛的应用在报警器、人体移动检测的相关领域。本文主要讨论基于热释电红外传感器的节能广告牌设计,通过热释电红外传感器的人体检测功能,使广告牌在有路人经过时启动,达到节能的目的。     

掺镧钛酸铅铁电薄膜的电畴与热释电性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100)基底上生长了掺镧钛酸铅[(Pb0.9La0.1)TiO3, PLT10]铁电薄膜.用X射线衍射研究了PLT10薄膜的结晶相结构.分别使用原子力显微镜和压电响应力显微镜观察了PLT10铁电薄膜的表面形貌和对应区域的电畴结构.测试了PLT10铁电薄膜的电学参数,研究了PLT10铁电薄膜的制备条件与其性能之间的关系.发现在优化条件下制备的PLT10铁电薄膜的介电常数εr为365,介电损耗tgδ为0.02,热释电系数γ为2.20×10-8C·(cm2·K)-1,可以满足制备非制冷红外探测器的需要.     

La掺杂PZST反铁电陶瓷电场诱导热释电现象

研究了Ｌａ掺杂ＰＺＳＴ反铁电陶瓷在不同偏置电场下的场诱热释电特性。在０～１２０°Ｃ温度范围内，热释电的峰值和峰位可以用电场的大小来控制，热释电系数达到１０－７Ｃ／ｃｍ２·Ｋ。     

太阳能半导体空调制冷装置模块化实验研究

建立了以水为热交换媒介的太阳能热电模块制冷实验系统.系统配置了双位能量存储装置,用以储存昼夜温差能和太阳光电转换电能,以备无日照或日照不足时系统能够连续工作.热电制冷装置模块化,用以适应制冷功率变化较大的空间制冷,并在制冷启动与温度维持不同阶段实现较大功率的切入或撤出.制冷模块以半导体热电元件为核心,冷热端均以导热性能良好的紫铜作为热交换材料,以热容量较大的水作为冷却液和散热循环液.热交换装置采取集合散热冷却分流的集散一体化热交换系统.对制冷模块制冷性能进行了实验分析,并对制冷效果进行了模拟实验,实验结果基本达到了设计的预期.     

建平烧锅营子金矿黄铁矿晶体结构及热电性特征

黄铁矿是烧锅营子金矿的主要金属矿物和载金矿物，本文对黄铁矿的分布、世代、结晶习性、晶体结构及热电性等标型特征进行了系统研究．研究结果对阐明金矿成因，指导找矿具有重要意义     

基于SPCE061A的智能报警系统设计

该系统以凌阳公司的16位单片机SPCE061A作为主控制器,通过烟雾传感器与人体热释电红外传感器分别感应烟雾与人体红外信号,通过单片机做出报警动作。采用两片凌阳单片机作为从站,达到异地网络监控的目的。采用双光电开关的设计,感应人员的进出情况。采用射频信号发射与接收装置,感应贵重物品的进出。测试结果表明,系统工作良好,几天内的人员与贵重物品进出情况均有记录。该设计主要创新点是采用单片机进行控制,可以实现网络监控。     

Nano/microscale pyroelectric energy harvesting: challenges and opportunities

With the ever-growing demand for renewable energy sources, energy harvesting from natural resources has gained much attention. Energy sources such as heat and mechanical motion could be easily harvested based on pyroelectric, thermoelectric, and piezoelectric effects. The energy harvested from otherwise wasted energy in the environment can be utilized in self-powered micro and nano devices, and wearable electronics, which required only µW–mW power. This article reviews pyroelectric energy harvesting with an emphasis on recent developments in pyroelectric energy harvesting and devices at micro/nanoscale. Recent developments are presented and future challenges and opportunities for more efficient materials and devices with higher energy conversion efficiency are also discussed.     

Poling of pyroelectric thin films

Abstract

Poling of calcium and zirconium modified lead titanate pyroelelectric thin films has been studied. Poling temperature and electrical field were optimized to achieve high figure of merits. It was found that thermal activation is important to obtain highly poled films. Defect-dipole complexes are supposed to play a major role to retain the polarization and also to enhance it. Porous calcium substituted films achieved an up to three times higer voltage response than zirconate substituted thin films, because porosity decreased the dielectric constant significantly.     

Preparation and Property of PMN-PT Material near the Morphotropic Phase Boundary

It is difficult to obtain the（1-x）Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3 - x PbTiO3 material with pure perovskite phase. The chemical activity of PbO and Nb2O5 is much higher than that of MgO. It results in that pyrochlore phases are easily formed. Performances of（1-x）Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3 - x PbTiO3 solid solution are damaged when pyrochlore phases exist. A two-step columbite method was utilized for preparation of PMN-PT solid solution with single-phase perovskite. Pyrochlore phases were not observed…