GIS支持下的岩土工程勘察设计区域化

通过分析我国岩土工程勘察设计的现状和GIS在岩土工程勘察设计中应用的情况，提出了GIS支持下的岩土工程勘察设计区域化设想，论述了其结构体系，并展望其应用前景。     

黑龙江省夏季旱涝灾害区划及对策研究

采用全省81个站夏季6-8月气温、降水资料,计算变异系数;进行正态化处理,计算Z指数。确定重旱轻旱？重涝轻涝和降水、温度指标,求出发生概率结果进行灾害3级区划,即重？中？轻区划。另外进行了全省主旱区和主涝区区划,并提出了7点对策。     

湖南省农业干旱灾害风险区划研究

基于自然灾害风险理论和旱灾物理成因,考虑干旱的危险性、承灾体的暴露性、环境的脆弱性以及抗旱减灾能力等方面的要素,运用“自下而上”的区划方法,对湖南省农业干旱灾害风险进行了区划。以县级行政区为最小区划单元,选取9个评价指标并利用层次分析法构建农业干旱灾害风险指数,采用基于GN算法的区域区划方法,将湖南省划分为5个干旱灾害风险等级和12个分布区,其中常德市、衡阳市、郴州市等地部分地区风险较高;划分结果与湖南省水稻生产干旱灾害风险区划的结果多数相同,验证了区划结果的合理性。     

青海省公路桥涵水文分区方法与指标研究

介绍了青海省公路桥涵水文分区的现状,通过分析河流的水情变化,论证了修正现行水文分区的必要性,并结合青海省河流的特殊性,对比了省内外一些典型的水文区划方法及水文因子。结果表明:①应根据流域水系、内外流区、沙漠面积等定性指标,以原水文分区为一级区划,在其基础上进行修正并确定二级分区;②利用河川径流强度指标法进行分区划分时,分区指标为年平均降水量、岩土类型、河网密度和沟谷比重;③利用模糊聚类法进行分区划分时,分区指标为年平均径流深、年平均降水量、气候带、河流补给形式及单位面积上50 a一遇设计流量,但只有黄河上游区、湟水大通河区可使用该方法;④青海省内沙漠面积较大,在分区时可将其划分为非产流区。     

区域层面河湖功能区划研究——以太湖流域为例

河湖功能区划是加强流域管理的一项新举措.对于自然属性和社会经济属性较为均一的区域,河流功能难以按其沿河道的空间分异性进行划分.基于这一特点,提出了区域层面河湖功能区划的概念,建立了由因素层、区划层和功能层构成的区域层面河湖功能区划体系,并提出了区划的方法和程序.进行了太湖流域区域层面河湖功能区划实践,将该区域共划分为3类13个河湖功能区,给出了每一区的功能定位和管理措施.结果表明,区域层面河湖功能区划的概念与方法合理可行,为平原河网区的河湖管理提供了一个新途径.     

一种快速嘴部检测方法在视听语音识别的应用

在改进噪音环境下的语音识别率中,来自于说话人嘴部的可视化语音信息有着显著的作用。介绍了在视听语音识别（AVSR）中的重要组成部分之一：可视化信息的前端设计;描述了一种用于快速处理图像并能达到较高识别率的人脸嘴部检测的机器学习方法,此方法引入了旋转Hart-like特征在积分图像中的应用,在基于AdaBoost学习算法上通过使用单值分类作为基础特征分类器,以级联的方式合并强分类器,最后划分检测区域用于嘴部定位。将上述方法应用于AVSR系统中,基本上达到了对人脸嘴部实时准确的检测效果。     

基于区域化的P2P流媒体直播系统模型

基于树状拓扑协议及扩展的模型和基于Gossip协议的模型在媒体数据分发方面存在缺陷。针对该问题,提出一种基于区域化的P2P流媒体直播系统模型,采用动态自适应的区域化自治机制,在大规模的流媒体直播网络系统中降低系统管理控制负载的开销,优化系统带宽和时延,提高了流媒体数据资源的利用率。     

Estimating aboveground carbon in a catchment of the Siberian forest tundra: Combining satellite imagery and field inventory

This study was part of an interdisciplinary research project on soil carbon and phytomass dynamics of boreal and arctic permafrost landscapes. The 45 ha study area was a catchment located in the forest tundra in northern Siberia, approximately 100 km north of the Arctic Circle.The objective of this study was to estimate aboveground carbon (AGC) and assess and model its spatial variability. We combined multi-spectral high resolution remote sensing imagery and sample based field inventory data by means of the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) technique and linear regression.Field data was collected by stratified systematic sampling in August 2006 with a total sample size of n = 31 circular nested sample plots of 154 m² for trees and shrubs and 1 m² for ground vegetation. Destructive biomass samples were taken on a sub-sample for fresh weight and moisture content. Species-specific allometric biomass models were constructed to predict dry biomass from diameter at breast height (dbh) for trees and from elliptic projection areas for shrubs.Quickbird data (standard imagery product), acquired shortly before the field campaign and archived ASTER data (Level-1B product) of 2001 were geo-referenced, converted to calibrated radiances at sensor and used as carrier data. Spectral information of the pixels which were located in the inventory plots were extracted and analyzed as reference set. Stepwise multiple linear regression was applied to identify suitable predictors from the set of variables of the original satellite bands, vegetation indices and texture metrics. To produce thematic carbon maps, carbon values were predicted for all pixels of the investigated satellite scenes. For this prediction, we compared the kNN distance-weighted classifier and multiple linear regression with respect to their predictions.The estimated mean value of aboveground carbon from stratified sampling in the field is 15.3 t/ha (standard error SE = 1.50 t/ha, SE% = 9.8%). Zonal prediction from the k-NN method for the Quickbird image as carrier is 14.7 t/ha with a root mean square error RMSE = 6.42 t/ha, RMSE_r = 44%) resulting from leave-one-out cross-validation. The k-NN-approach allows mapping and analysis of the spatial variability of AGC. The results show high spatial variability with AGC predictions ranging from 4.3 t/ha to 28.8 t/ha, reflecting the highly heterogeneous conditions in those permafrost-influenced landscapes. The means and totals of linear regression and k-NN predictions revealed only small differences but some regional distinctions were recognized in the maps.     

黄陵县水土流失现状及分区防治对策

在对黄陵县水土流失现状分析的基础上,进行了水土流失重点防治三区划分,划定了水土流失重点预防保护区、重点监督区和重点治理区范围,并针对分区的水土流失特点,提出了防治对策和措施,对指导当地水土保持和生态环境治理工作有一定现实指导意义。     

保定市农业节水分区

针对保定市水资源短缺、农业用水量大的现状,在综合分析地形地貌、气候特征、水资源利用状况以及农业结构等因素的基础上,采取系统聚类和主成分分析的方法进行农业节水分区的研究。依据确定的节水分区原则,筛选出15项原始指标,运用主成分分析法将15项指标表示成6个主成分,以提高计算效率;运用系统聚类法将保定市23个县划分成6个农业节水区,并结合自然、社会、经济情况对各区进行了分析,对各区农业节水措施给出相应的对策建议。